Joints.

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Joints of the Human Body
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Presentation transcript:

Joints

Classification Synarthrotic: immovable – cranium Amphiarthrotic: limited movement i.e. pubic symphysis, vertebral joints, sacroiliac joint Diarthrotic: freely movable Gliding: bones of the wrist Pivot: between radius and ulna Ball and socket: hip Hinge: elbow Classified according to movement

Immovable Joints Synarthrosis

Slightly Movable Joint Ampharthrosis 4

Freely Movable Diarthrosis

Synovial Joint Movement Extension Rotation Flexion Adduction Abduction 6

Joint is a point of connection between two bones Strands of connective tissue, ligaments, hold the bones together and ensure the stability of joints

Joint Classification Joints are further classified by the material that joints them: Fibrous joint Allow no movement E.g. sutures of the scull Cartilaginous joints Allow limited movement E.g. intervertebral discs Synovial joints Allow large range of movements E.g. hip joint

Types of Synovial Joints There are three basic types of synovial joints: unilateral (rotation only about one axis) biaxial joints (movement about two perpendicular axes) multiaxial joints (movement about all three perpendicular axes)

Types of Synovial Joints Cont’d Synovial are further classified into: 1. Hinge Joint 2. Pivot Joint 3. Condyloid Joint 4. Saddle-shaped joint 5. Ball and Socket Joint 6. Plane Joint

1. Hinge Joint Uniaxial Has one articulating surface that is convex, and another that is concave E.g. humero-ulnar elbow joint, interphalangeal joint

Pivot Joint Uniaxial E.g. head of radius rotating against ulna

Condyloid (Knuckle) Joint Biaxial (flexion-extension, abduction- adduction) The joint surfaces are usually oval One joint surface is an ovular convex shape, and the other is a reciprocally shaped concave surface E.g. metacarpophalangeal joint

Saddle Joint Biaxial (flexion-extension, abduction- adduction) The bones set together as in sitting on a horse E.g. carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

Ball and Socket Joint Multiaxial (rotation in all planes) A rounded bone is fitted into a cup=like receptacle E.g. shoulder and hip joints

Plane (Gliding) Joint Uniaxial (permits gliding movements) The bone surfaces involved are nearly flat E.g. intercarpal joints and acromioclavicular joint of the vertebrae

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