THE ENLIGTENMENT AND AMERICAN REVOLUTION 1700-1800 Section One: Philosophy in the Age of Reason

CHANGING EUROPE Crusades 1100-1300 Black Death 1351 Renaissance 1300-1600 Reformation 1521-1650 Scientific Revolution 1400-1800 Printing Press

Enlightenment In the 1700’s W. European thinkers began to apply Rationality and Objectivity to Human Society Philosophes = Philosopher

Enlightenment Salons- places where the nobility had parties w/ the Philosophers Paris was the center of early Enlightenment ideas

Enlightenment Concepts Rationality Freedom of Thought Natural Law Human Society could and should improve

Enlightenment Economics Physiocrats reject mercantilism Laissez faire Adam Smith- The Wealth of Nations

Society/Arts Natural Law- Deism= God is Nature Freedom of Religion Voltaire & Freedom of Speech, religion, reason, tolerance

Political Enlightenment Thomas Hobbes-social contract Human life was “nasty, brutish, & short” Leviathan

John Locke Social Contract- Government is a deal All governments should provide “Life, Liberty, and Property” Bad government should be overthrown

Montesquieu-Spirit of the Law Separation of Powers Legislature- makes laws Executive- enforces laws Judiciary-judges laws Checks and Balances

Jean Jacques Rousseau Civilization corrupts people’s natural goodness Governments should rule by General Will Democracy All men are created equal

Denis Diderot Amass the world’ knowledge Encyclopedia

Adam Smith Laissez-Faire economics Capitalism Supply and demand The Wealth of Nations

Mary Wollstonecraft Women’s Equality- A Vindication of the Rights of Women