Revolutions 1350 – 1850

What is a “revolution”? A radical or drastic change, specifically focusing on society, technology or individuals. Revolutions take the shape of many forms, such as events, thoughts, beliefs, processes, images, ideas and transformations… Revolutions, or changes, happen frequently to adapt with the new times or just out of necessity.

Format for your “Revolution” notes… Name of “revolution” When? Where? Why? Lasting impact? Interesting aspects?

Revolutions 1350 – 1900 Renaissance (1350 – 1600) Commercial Revolution (1400 – 1550) English Civil War (1640 – 1660) Enlightenment (1700’s) American Revolution (1763 – 1783) French Revolution (1789) Napoleon Bonaparte (1799 – 1815) Industrial Revolution (1800’s) Latin American Revolutions (1800’s) Imperialism (1870 – 1900)

When? 1350 – 1600 Where? Europe (origins in Italy) Why? Encouraged new ideas and a better lifestyle

Lasting impact? Basis for modern world art, literature, science, religion and exploration Interesting aspects? Printing press, new discoveries and influences in Americas (P/S/F/E/N)

Arts and Architecture

Who were the greatest talents of the Renaissance?

Famous artists of the Renaissance… Sculptor Artist Inventor Engineer Military designer Scientist Surgeon Dreamer! Doer! Carpe diem! …the true Renaissance man! LEONARDO Leonardo da Vinci 1452 - 1519

DONATELLO Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi 1386 - 1466 Sculptor of “life-size” subjects Influences based on Greek and Roman classical images and designs

RAPHEAL Rapheal Sanzio 1483 - 1520 Painter Combined Christian and Classical images

Michelangelo Buonarroti 1475 – 1564 Sculptor Painter

”Iron rusts from disuse; stagnant water loses its purity and in cold weather becomes frozen;    even so does inaction sap the vigor of the mind.”                                                                                                                  Leonardo ”I saw the angel in the marble and carved until I set him free.”                                                                                                                        Michelangelo

Literature

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Greatest literary figure Dramas, comedies, tragedies Entertainment and enlightenment of society

Reformation

MARTIN LUTHER Creation of Protestant Churches Challenged status quo of church traditions and behavior Simple messages of the Bible

Scientific Discovery

SIR ISAAC NEWTON Scientific discovery and knowledge using the scientific method Inquiry into the unknown and known to further understanding of the world at large

Discovery

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS Explorations and discoveries sparked and created an international (global) mentality His curiosity led to exploration, discovery, colonization assimilation and destruction

Commercial Revolution

When? 1400 – 1500 Where? Europe (Origins in the Netherlands) Why? Nations needed money; Dutch and Jews become money-lenders

Lasting impact? Modern-day banking; money lending procedures Interesting aspects? Dutch/Jewish stereotype; greed; prejudice

“…money makes the world go ‘round!”

English Civil War

When? 1640 – 1660 Where? England Why? Monarchy neglects the common people; revolt

Lasting impact? Hatred for the monarchy; development of democracy Interesting aspects? Oliver Cromwell; “People’s Army and Government”

Enlightenment

When? 1700’s Where? Europe (origins in Paris, France) Why? Use “reason” to understand the truth; optimism always creates progress in society

Lasting impact? Montesquieu – 3 branches of government; checks and balances Voltaire – freedom of speech Rousseau – majority rule; “natural man” Interesting aspects? Philosophies; “salons”; encyclopedia

American Revolution

When? 1763 – 1783 Where? British Colonial America (13 Colonies) Why? To gain fair representation in society; eventual independence, “stubborn parent, rebellious teenager”

Lasting impact? USA; new democratic nation Interesting aspects? 1st successful revolution in all of world history to form a new nation

French Revolution

When? 1789 Where? Paris, France Why? Enlightenment encourages political and social upheavels; exploitation of 3rd Estate; inevitable violence

Lasting impact? Oppression of the poor leads to complete reforms in society Interesting aspects? 1st Estate – church 2nd Estate – monarchy 3rd Estate - poor

Napoleon Bonaparte

When? 1799 – 1815 Where? France Why? French domination of Europe

Lasting impact? European nations unite against a common foe; “balance of power”; Congress of Vienna Interesting aspects? 1st dictator and emperor of France; foundation for future dictatorship

Latin American Revolutions

When? 1800’s Where? Central and South America Why? Independence; freedom; new rights in society to make opportunity equal

Lasting impact? New Latin American nations Interesting aspects? Latin American nations followed the lead of the American Revolution and Napoleon Bonaparte’s invasion of Spain in early 1800’s Result: Spanish colonial control of America’s is lost

Revolutions 1350 – 1850