Somatic Symptom and related disorders (Somatoform disorders) Utilize Barron’s Book this information is not in your text.

Somatoform Disorders Occur when a person manifests a psychological problem through a physiological symptom.

Conversion Disorder (aka Functional neurological symptom disorder) A person experiences very specific physical symptoms for which no physical basis can be found. blindness paralysis Inability to swallow

Illness Anxiety Disorder (Hypochondriasis) Interpret normal sensations (headache, stomach cramps, etc) as symptoms of a dreaded disease.

Theories about possible causes of Somatic Symptom Disorder Psychoanalytical – outward manifestations of unresolved unconscious conflicts. Behaviorist – somatic symptoms are being reinforced for their behavior

Dissociative Disorders Utilize Barron’s Book and pages 644-645 in text

Dissociative Disorders Disruption in conscious processes. Often in response to an overwhelmingly stressful situation. Three types….

Dissociative Amnesia Suffer a complete loss of identity. May experience a fugue state – person travels away from home “Jane Doe”

Dissociative Identity Disorder A person has several rather than one integrated personality. Various mannerisms and accents

Understanding DID Support Against Handedness changes Shift of visual acuity Heightened activity in brain areas associated with control and inhibition of traumatic memories. Role playing and fantasy prone people Disorder localized

Personality Disorders Pages in textbook 653-657 Barron’s book pages 249-250

Personality Disorders Well-established, maladaptive ways of behaving that negatively affect people’s ability to function. Significant impairments in self and interpersonal functioning. Dominates their personality.

Personality Disorders Clusters Cluster A (odd or eccentric behavior) Paranoid Schizoid Schizotypal Cluster B (dramatic or impulsive behavior; attention-getting) Antisocial Borderline Histrionic Narcissistic Cluster C (anxiety-related) Avoidant Dependent Obsessive-compulsive

Cluster B

Narcissistic Personality Disorder Pervasive pattern of grandiosity Need for admiration Exaggerated sense of self-importance

Histrionic Personality Disorder Pervasive and excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior Feels uncomfortable and unappreciated if he/she is not center of attention. Melodramatic and flirtatious manner

Borderline Personality Disorder Pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships and self-image Impulsive Intensely concerned with abandonment People with this disorder are prone to constant mood swings and bouts of anger.

Antisocial Personality Disorder Disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others Deceit, manipulation, and exploitation Lack of empathy. Weak decision making Causes: Genetic Little autonomic nervous system arousal Lower levels of stress hormone at young age Reduced activity in the frontal lobes 11 % less frontal lobe tissue than normal Brain responds less to facial displays of others in distress