ENZYMES VOCABULARY PLUS WORKSHEET 1. What is an enzyme? Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.

2. Match the following. Each answer will only be used once. a. ____ active site 1. a portion of an enzyme to which a substrate can attach b. ____ anabolism 2. the chemical on which the enzyme acts c. ____ catabolism 3. the result of a chemical reaction d. ____ catalyst 4. a molecule that prevents an enzyme from working e. ____ coenzyme 5. a molecule that makes the active site of an enzyme functional f. ____ nonsubstrate 6. the break-down of complex molecules into simple molecules g. ____ product 7. a reaction making simple molecules into complex molecules h. ____ protein 8. a molecule that speeds up chemical reactions i. ____ substrate 9. all enzymes fit into this class of macromolecules 1 7 6 8 5 4 3 9 2

(NO) What is the optimum pH ________ and the optimum temperature _______ for enzymes in most locations of the human body?   4. At what temperature do enzymes begin to denature? __________ 5. What is activation energy? 6. Circle the enzymes in the following list: ATP phosphorylase maltase sucrose actin insulin carbonic anhydrase fructose (370C) 380C The minimum amount of energy that is required to start a specific reaction.

7. Identify two specific places in the cell where enzymes are located.   8. An enzyme called zymase is responsible for converting sugar into carbon dioxide and alcohol. As this conversion takes place, the reaction gradually slows down. Why? Mitochondria, Cell Membranes, Blood & digestive organs. As reactions take place, there is less substrate available. As temperature rises past the optimum temperature, the enzyme protein starts to denature.

Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the word or phrase needed to make the statement true.   ______ 1. Enzymes are the same as hormones. ______ 2. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes. ______ 3. Sucrose and sucrase are both enzymes. ______ 4. Coenzymes are usually large globular proteins. ______ 5. Enzymes are not able to withstand temperatures higher than 50°C. ______ 6. Enzymes are able to reduce the activation energy of chemical reactions in the body. ______ 7. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions; however, they are consumed by the reaction. ______ 8. No enzymes are present in the mitochondria because there are no chemical reactions occurring there. F PROTEINS T F SUCROSE IS A SUBSTRATE T T T T F MANY REACTIONS THERE = MANY ENZYMES

Short Answer Questions   1. What type of biochemical molecule is an enzyme? _______________ 2. What does an enzyme do? 3. What are end products? 4. What effects do end products have on enzymes? 5. What is a substrate? 6. Is it likely that the enzyme that will catalyze a sugar could also catalyze a protein? Why or why not?  7. What is competitive inhibition? Protein They speed up reactions (catalysts). Substances formed in a chemical reaction. They may inhibit any further reactions. The reactants in an enzyme reaction. The substrates are specific to the enzyme because of their shape. When binding of an inhibitor substance to the active site on the enzyme prevents binding of the substrate.