Anglophone Studies I Week 3

The Medieval period (1066- 1458) 1066 - The Norman invasion of England the last time that England was successfully invaded The Battle of Hastings King Harold Duke William of Normandy – William the Conqueror

The start of the English class system A strict feudal system ‘every man had a lord, and every lord had land’ Norman soldiers were given the ownership of land and of the people living on it peasants - English-speaking Saxons lords and barons - French –speaking Normans Domesday Book (1086) The Anglo-Norman kingdom the most powerful political force in Britain and Ireland Scotland - politically independent in the medieval period Wales – never settled in great numbers by Saxons or Normans the (Celtic) Welsh language and culture remained strong

The Anglo-Saxon concept of common law Middle English the dominant language in all classes of society in England The Anglo-Saxon concept of common law - the basis of the legal system Parliament – /parler/ (13th century) an assembly of nobles called together by the king 1215 – Magna Carta an important symbol of political freedom 1295 –the model parliament Included elected representatives from urban and rural areas

Robin Hood A legendary folk hero of the late-medieval period

15th century The Wars of the Roses (1455-1485) The House of Lancaster (red rose) The House of York (white rose) 1485 – Henry Tudor (Lancastrian) defeated Richard III (Yorkist) -

1534 - Henry VIII – the supreme head of the Church of England 16th century 1534 - Henry VIII – the supreme head of the Church of England Rejection of the Roman Church Protestantism (a form known as Anglicanism) Elizabeth I

1603 - James I of England (James IV of Scotland) 17th century 1603 - James I of England (James IV of Scotland) The Civil War (1642-1649) a contest between aristocratic, royalist ‘Cavaliers’ and puritanical parliamentarian ‘Rounheads’ 1649 The execution of Charles I Oliver Cromwell - Lord Protector The Commonwealth Britain briefly becomes a republic for the first and only time 1660 The Restoration of the monarchy and the Anglican religion

1666 1688 The Great Fire of London The Glorious Revolution Prince William of Orange, ruler of the Netherlands, and his Stuart wife Mary The monarch’s powers limited by the Bill of Rights written by Parliament