Sindiran in English Written Form Happy Birthday Bapak, May this year bring you tremendous happiness and joy, abundant wealth, prosperity and prime health. Amen. Sindiran in English Written Form Dr. Erna Wiles M. Hum Module Coordinator December 6th 2013

When a diplomat says yes, he means ‘perhaps’ When he says perhaps, he means ‘no’ When he says no, he is not a diplomat. When a lady says no, she means ‘perhaps’ When she says perhaps, she means ‘yes’ When she says yes, she is not a lady. Referencing is necessary to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations, and to enable readers to follow-up and read more fully the cited author’s arguments. Voltaire (Quoted, in Spanish, in Escandell 1993) (Austin, http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pragmatics/)

Definition and Synonyms Allusion is a passing reference, without explicit identification, to a literary or historical person, place, or event, or to another literary work or passage (Abrams, 1999: 10) Synonyms: Satires Insinuation Innuendo or an oblique allusion Quip

Characteristics They are never carried out literally - a figure of speech; Indirect Speech Acts (ISA) - speakers intentionally violate all communication principles: ‘truth conditions’ ‘appropriateness conditions’ ‘communication maxims’ The speakers’ intention is merely to get the hearer’s ‘perlocution’ i.e. the effect on the hearer of what a speaker says. (Parker, 1986:15)

How to Understand the Hidden Message? The hearer’s ability to recognize the types of sentences: Declarative sentences to express statements, Positive imperative sentences to make directives, Negative imperative sentences to issue prohibitions, Interrogative sentences to ask questions Exclamative sentences to build exclamations. The hearer’s ability to figure out the ‘implicature’ – the conclusion, which could logically be drawn from the speaker’s utterance. (Levinson, 1991: 101) The existence of what called ‘signalled implicature’ (Baker, 1992: 259) that is presupposition – ‘information that a speaker assumes to be already known’ (Crystal, 1987: 49)

Facts about Sindiran Sindiran: contains emotive meanings - be it annoyance, irritation, dislike, resentment, anger, etc. is always delivered sarcastically, produced to ridicule, despise, lookdown upon, tease and sometimes even though it is humorously delivered, mocks or insults the reader. is harsh, rude and cynical – abusive, mocking, contemptuous, taunting and disrespectful. very often is ironic – characterized often by poignant difference or incongruity between what is written and the reality. is highly socially and culturally-conditioned. exists in every language community and that includes English. can also be in the form of written expressions.

The Hollywood Gossip Data: news within the month of October 2013. On average of 40 different issues presented daily, more or less 30 contain sindiran. Very notorious in picking certain people who create media frenzy: their outrageous behaviours, personal breakdowns, scandals, constant feuds with others, etc. There are regular individuals or groups who are constantly ridiculed or who are just trending.

The Kardashians Kylie Bruce Kourney Khloe Kris Rob Kendall Kim

Kendall Jenner Posts New Instagram Photo, Looks JUST LIKE1 Kim Kardashian Kendall Jenner has stirred up new controversy on Instagram. No, she isn't posing like a topless mermaid. She isn't mostly naked, either.2 Instead, the 17-year old is simply "exhausted,”3 according to her caption… and looking EXACTLY4 like half-sister Kim Kardashian. Seriously5, people. Kendall has been making headlines over the past week for reasons aside from her eerie resemblance to a certain former sex tape star.6 She and little sister Kylie Jenner partied at a West Hollywood nightclub last week, one that featured topless dancers and what it described as a "nudity experience." The fallout has included questions over just how these teenagers were permitted inside an over-21 establishment and whether or not they drank underage. In response to a tabloid cover story that labeled the siblings "train- wrecks," Kendall shot back on Twitter and said she's smart, goal-driven and is simply trying to carve out a career. Oh... and shut up, critics! Take your "stupid rumours" and shove em.7

Kim Kardashian Engagement Video: OFFICIAL1 Footage of Epic2 Kanye West Proposal! A source close to North West’s2 tells us that the couple's wedding is "going to be the size of the capital.”3 In other words, "there won't be anything small about it." Judging by the proposal, is anyone surprised?4

Kendall and Kylie Jenner Slam “Stupid”1 Tabloid Rumours, Tell Critics to “Shut Up” (…) With Kendall concluding that there's "no story here" and telling folks to "get over it," Kylie jumped in with her two cents. Or 222 cents2, really. "I'm sick & tired of the rumours this past week," she Tweeted. "I'm sorry to disappoint, but Kendall & I will not grow up to be let downs. I know that's what some people would unfortunately like to see… but I'm not going to sit around and let grown adults create untrue stories about me underage drinking & partying every night with a fake I.D." Kylie also says "we can stop with all the stories now" and then wraps up her rant with some advice for her followers: "To all the young girls out there just like me, carry yourself with class and dignity and don't let ANYONE determine your future." And, if possible, be born into a family of millionaires with a sister willing to make a sex tape that is responsible for all future publicity and revenue possibilities.3

Kyllie Jenner and Khloe Kardashian: Kaught Krying1Over Kim Kardashian [sic] Engaement The first video of Kanye West proposing to Kim Kardashian has hit the Internet. But while we see the rapper down on one knee in the footage, and while we hear the orchestra and witness streams of loved ones rushing the field at AT&T Park to wish the newly-engaged couple all the best... we can't really make out any true emotion in the clip. Cue Khloe Kardashian!2 The reality star posted a picture to Instagram today of her and Kylie Jenner "having a moment," as she wrote in the caption, clearly overcome with happiness during the festivities. Really, nothing screams sentimentality more than an E! Boom mic hanging over your eyes, right?3

Kim Kardashian Doesn’t “Qualify” 1for Hollywood Walk of Fame, Spokeswoman Says Kanye West believes Kim Kardashian should receive a star on The Hollywood Walk of Fame. He made that clear during an interview with Jimmy Kimmel this week. But Ana Martinez, the spokeswoman for the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce, doesn't exactly agree with the rapper. "We don't have reality stars on the Walk of Fame," Martinez says. "We don't have a category for it. We're happy to consider reality stars once they get nominated for, or win, an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar." This, of course, begs the question: Has Martinez seen Keeping Up with the Kardashians?!?2 That's some top-notch acting right there! 3But it's evidently not good enough for the organization behind handing out these honors, as Martinez concluded when asked about Kim: "We'll consider [reality stars] when they're legitimate actors or singers." Sigh. This means more Tyler Perry films for Kardashian, doesn't it?4 "I know he loves her, and it's all very sweet," Martinez said of West. "But she doesn't qualify." But SHOULD she? You tell us: Should Kim Kardashian receive a star on The Hollywood Walk of Fame?  Yes, without question  Not a chance  No, but her sex tape does

We hope you're happy, Miley Cyrus. Just look at what you've started.

Conclussion Sindiran in the written form can be: highlighted, capitalized, written with strikethrough, written with the letter representing the sound, written in statements that counteract the previous statement, contrary to the truth, confirm the reality; written by violating traditional grammar, written between quotation marks, which give an impression that the writer is talking to either the readers or the person being insinuated, written in exaggerated expressions, in the form of exclamations, can be in the form of a parody. The writer indicates that the source of the information is not reliable,

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