“Paleoherbs” Magnoliids Eudicot Clade 2) Magnoliaceae Monocot Clade 1) Nymphaeaceae Flowering Plant Ancestor

17) Ranunculaceae Caryophyllid Clade 24) Viscaceae Rosid Clade Asterid Clade 18) Papaveraceae Eudicots (Tricolpates)

45) Ericaceae Asterids I Asterids II 46 Sarraceniaceae Asterid Clade (Sympetalae)

46) Sarraceniaceae Pitcher-Plant Family Carnivorous (Insectivorous) Herbaceous or subshrubby perennials Leaves tubular or vase-like, usually partially filled with water and dead insects; Flowers large, perfect, actinomorphic, usually pendulous Style simple and in Sarracenia forming an umbrella-like structure with stigmatic surfaces on the upper side

Examples Sarraceniaceae Sarracenia (purple pitcher plant) shown Darlingtonia californica (cobra pitcher)

Sarracenia purpurea

Sarracenia minor – large peltate stigma

Sarracenia flava

Darlingtonia californica – cobra plant

Darlingtonia californica

45) Ericaceae Asterids I Asterids II 46 Sarraceniaceae Asterid Clade (Sympetalae)

48) Convolvulaceae (incl. 49) Cuscutaceae) Apocynaceae (incl. 52) Asclepiadaceae) Lamiales Clade 47) Solanaceae 50) Rubiaceae 51) Gentianaceae Asterids I

47) Solanaceae Potato or Nightshade Family Herbs, shrubs, trees, or vines Various alkaloids present Leaves alternate, often in pairs, the members of a pair both on the same side of the stem Inflorescence determinate, sometimes reduced to a solitary flower, terminal but appearing to be lateral (sympodial) Flowers actinomorphic, 5-merous; stamens 5, often connate, corolla broadly rotate to salverform, plicate Ovary 2-locular, sometimes falsely divided again Ovules numerous Fruit a berry or capsule.

Examples Solanaceae Solanum (potato, eggplant, deadly nightshade) Lycopersicum (tomato) Nicotiana (tobacco) Datura (jimsonweed) Capsicum (cayenne, red, and green pepper, chili pepper) Physalis (tomatillos) Petunia

Lycopersicon esculentum

Lycopersicon esculentum

Solanum dulcamara

Datura stramonium

Physalis alkegengi – inflated calyx

Nicotiana tabacum

Petunia spp.

48) Convolvulaceae Morning Glory Family Usually twining and climbing herbs, roots sometimes storing starch Milky latex often present, sometimes with alkaloids Leaves alternate, simple, lacking stipules, often cordate in our range Inflorescence determinate, terminal or axillary, often solitary flowers. Flowers with fused corolla, subtended by bracts, perfect and regular Petals often plicate, often convolute with a clockwise twist

Examples Convolvulaceae Ipomoea (morning glory, sweet potato) Convolvulus spp. (bindweed, trellisweed) Calystegia sepium (bindweed) Dichondra (ponyfoot)

Convolvulus incanus

Calystegia sepium

Ipomea pes-caprae

Ipomea purpurea

49) Cuscutaceae (now included in Convolvulaceae) Dodder Family Parasitic herb Leaves reduced to minute scales Stem forming numerous small suckers (haustoria) that grow into the host tissue Chlorophyll almost totally lacking; Stems cord-like, often yellowish

Examples Cuscutaceae Cuscuta (dodder)

Cuscuta spp.