Spain vs. Portugal Treaty of Tordesillas – Line of Demarcation gave Spain the Americas. gave Portugal Brazil. Other European countries did not follow the treaty.

Spanish Conquistadors Ponce de Leon – explored Puerto Rico. 1513 – fountain of youth.

Cortes and the Aztec 1519 – Mexico Spanish conquered Montezuma and the Aztecs by: 1. disease 2. technology 3. alliances 4. religious beliefs of Aztecs.

Tales of Seven Golden Cities Cortes success led to other Spanish conquests. Spanish would search the southwest of America. 1542: Hernando de Soto – TN, SC, NC, crossed the Miss. River to Ark. Coronado – AZ, NM, TX, OK, KA Cabrillo – coast of California.

Spain builds an empire Colonial governments - viceroyalty – province ruled by a representative of the monarch. Social Structure - Peninsular – came from Spain, thought superior to: - Creoles – Spanish born in America - Mestizos – Spanish/N.A. - Spanish/African, N.A.’s, and Africans Missionaries Convert natives to Christianity Teach farming techniques, herding, and crafts Natives would resist the missionaries – mission system failed.

Land and Labor Encomienda System – King would give landowners grants. Landowners would convert N.A. to Christianity and farm the land. N.A. slavery failed: 1. disease 2. runaway 3. ill treatment Spanish turned to African labor: 1. isolated 2. knew how to survive in the climate 3. large numbers

Other Nations Explore England – John Cabot: New Foundland - looking for Northwest Passage 1577 – Sir Francis Drake – sailed the world to disrupt Spanish trade. Caused war: Spanish Armada (1588) England won: 1. better boats 2. weather England became the world power.

New France 1524 – Verrazano – NC to Maine Jacques Cartier – St. Lawrence River and claimed Quebec. Also claimed Montreal France utilized the resources of Canada 1. fur 2. fish Champlain – French first settlement: Quebec – fur trading post. La Salle – Great Lake Region to Louisiana

New Netherland Merchant fleet that traded in Africa and Asia 1609 – Henry Hudson – looking for the Northwest Passage. Explored the Hudson River.