WELCOME LEARNERS! UpStream 500 505 (API RP 14FZ, API 500 and API 505)

First things first… Introductions/Documents Facilities/OCS Services Length of training/Breaks/Lunch/Recycling First Aid Kits & AED/Safety PPE Emergency Exits Smoking areas Services - Hazardous Area Inspections Software Systems Testing/Pressurization Rig Inspections Commissioning Electrical Construction Student Comment Card

Course Statement It is not intended that this course should be regarded as a definitive guide to the selection and use of Electrical Apparatus in potentially Explosive Atmospheres. The practitioner should in all cases seek full and proper guidance from the relevant legislation and codes of practice in addition to following company guidelines and procedures. This course covers the minimum requirements for installations within hazardous areas. Individual companies may and do install higher specification equipment and accessories above the levels stated during this course. This is to provide a higher level of protection for their hazardous area equipment and personnel as they deem necessary.

Why are you here?

Basic conditions for a fire or explosion Must Be in Correct Ratio FUEL AIR SOURCE OF IGNITION

Laws and the Regulators, recommended practices and standards

Laws and the Regulators However, can also reference the International Electrical Standards (IEC).

Examples of standards National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 70E Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace National Electrical Code (NEC) – The practical safeguarding of persons and property from hazards arising from the use of electricity

Examples of standards International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) - The world’s leading organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies. Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) 29 CFR 1910 is law!

Examples of standards API RP 505 Section 2 Industry Codes, Guides and Standards NRTL (National Recognized Testing Laboratory). Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires that products, devices, assemblies, or systems used in the workplace be "approved" (i.e., tested and certified) by third-party organizations (NRTLs). Must meet U.S. standards organizations, such as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) requirements

Hazardous (Classified) locations API 500/505

Hazardous Area classification Currently there are two systems used to classify these hazardous areas; the Class/Division system and the Zone system. The Class/Division system is used predominately in the United States and Canada, whereas the rest of the world generally uses the Zone system. However, the United States and Canada are trending more towards the Zone System.

CFR 250.114 Install, maintain, and operate electrical equipment This CFR states; “Must classify all areas according to API RP 500 for petroleum facilities Classified as Class I, Division 1 and Division 2 or API RP 505, Recommended Practice for Classification of Locations for Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities Classified as Class I, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 (as incorporated by reference in § 250.198).”

CFR 250.114 Install, maintain, and operate electrical equipment CFR also states; “Must install all electrical systems according to API RP 14F, (reference in § 250.198), or API RP 14FZ,(as incorporated by reference in § 250.198).” BSSE use the CFR and API RP to form their Potential Incidents of Non-conformances (PINCs) and Incidents Of Non-conformances (INCs).

API RP 500 and API RP 14F For the petroleum industry offshore and onshore. The Recommended Practices (RP). API RP 500 Classification of locations for Electrical Installations at petroleum facilities in Class I, Division 1 and 2. API RP 14F Design , installation and maintenance for fixed and floating offshore petroleum facilities for unclassified and Class I, Division 1 and 2 locations.

API 505 and API 14FZ API RP 505 Classification of locations Electrical Installations at petroleum facilities in Class I, Zones 0, 1 and 2. API RP 14FZ Design , installation and maintenance for fixed and floating offshore petroleum facilities for unclassified and Class I, Zone 0, 1 and 2 locations.

Area Classifications for API Hazardous Classified NOTE: The API RP will reference article 505 and 500 of the NFPR 70E NEC except for a few editorial changes where information is NOT relevant to petroleum operations. API RP 500, 505, state; “Hazardous (classified) location; A location where Fire or explosion hazards may exist due to flammable gases or vapor, flammable liquids, combustible dusts, ignitable fibers or filings.”

Area Classifications for API Unclassified API RP 500 “Unclassified locations (non-hazardous location) are locations determined to neither be Class1 , Division 1 or Class 1, Division 2 or any combination thereof.” API RP 505 and “Unclassified locations (non-hazardous location) are locations not classified as Division 1 or Division 2 or Zone 0, Zone 1 or Zone 2.”

Classification based on API RP API RP 14F (installation) API RP 14FZ (installation) Class I locations-Gasses and Vapors Flammable and combustible Liquids can also be Class I, Class II and Class III. Liquids Class I, Class II and Class III. See NEC 500, NEC 505, API 500 and API 505. Dust Outside the scope of this API RP Mining outside the scope of this API RP

API RP 505 ‘preferred’ symbols for classified locations API RP 505 reference these preferred symbols from the IEC 60079-10 and can also be located in the NEC 505. For the presence flamamble gasses or vapors Zone 0- Continuously or present for long periods of time. Zone 1- Likely or may exist frequently. Zone 2- Not likely or normally confined in containers.

API RP 500 ‘preferred’ symbols for classified locations API RP 500 reference these preferred symbols from the NEC 500.5. For the presence flamamble gasses or vapors Division 1- Expected and exist under normal operating conditions (for example a relief valve) or equipment/process is in fault. Division 2- Normally confined (closed systems) and a release/rupture is prevented from accumulating. Special Division 1- Gasses or vapors are present continuously (see NEC 505-Zone 0).

Advantages to Zones It is advantages to choose the ‘Zone’ system over the Division system. This can reduce the initial capital expenditures, enhanced safety and ensure facilities are more economically maintained.

Atmospheric mixtures of explosive gas and Air

API RP 500 and 505 API RP 500 and 505 Gas groupings, are based on the NFPA 497. Tables presented in the NFPA and IEC 60079 are based on the energy required to ignite the gas and air mixture. These can be located on the Area classification diagram and Nameplates of classified equipment. API RP 500 (NFPA NEC) Examples of gas present API RP 505 (IEC 60079) Group A Acetylene IIC Acetylene and Hydrogen Group B hydrogen IIB Ethylene Group C ethylene IIA Propane Group D propane More volatile Less volatile

API RP 500 and 505 API 500 sec 5.5.6- Shows the relationship between IEC and NEC.

Extent of areas, Release of gas and Temperature.

Gas release and extent of areas API RP 500 Based on the following; Geometry. Release velocity. Concentration. Volatility. Temperature.

Temperature Temperature is extremely important to consider. Therefore, process and operational temperature must be considered to correctly classify hazardous areas and calculate the temperature ratings.

API RP 500 and 505 Flammable (Explosive) limits. Defined in API RP 500 as; The lower and upper percentages by volume of concentration in a gas-air mixture that will form an ignitable mixture (reference NFPA 497). Defined in API RP 505 as; The lower and upper percentages by volume of concentration in a gas-air mixture that will form an ignitable mixture (reference NFPA 325).

Flash point API RP 500 and API RP 505 both state; ‘The minimum temperature of a liquid at which sufficient vapor is given off to form an ignitable mixture with air’. As tested by the NFPA 30. There will be an upper explosive limit (UEL) and lower explosive limit (LEL). However, they do prefer the word flammable in place of explosive (LFL).

Ignition temperature Ignition (autoignition) temperatures defined as; In the API RP 500; ‘The minimum temperature required , at normal atmospheric pressure, to initiate or cause self-sustained combustion (independent of any externally heated element)’. In the API RP 505 (505 abbreviate this to AIT); ‘The lowest temperature of a heated surface at which, under specified conditions, the ignitable of a flammable in the form of a gas or vapor mixture with air will occur. (IEC 60079-10).’

AIT If the temperature of a device or the temperature of the environment reach such high levels. The surrounding gas air mixture can automatically ignite with out a spark being formed. Therefore, temperature ratings have been produced to ensure that any gas release will not come into contact with a hot surface that could be near an autoignition temperature (AIT). Therefore devices will have T Ratings to meet the requirements of the area and gas that could be released.

Ventilation API RP 500 sec 6.3 states to types; ‘Inadequately Ventilated Areas and Adequately Ventilated Areas.’ API RP 505 annex F states degrees of ventillation; ‘High Ventilation (VH),Medium Ventilation (VM), Low Ventilation (LV)’.

API RP 14 F and 14 FZ

API RP design installation and maintenance API RP 14FZ 2013 API RP 14F 2008

API RP 14F and 14FZ are not used to classify areas. API RP 14F and 14FZ Scope They cover the design, installation and maintenance of electrical systems. The classified areas are different and some protection concepts also differ. Scope is; 14FZ refers to facilities classified as Class 1, Zone 0, Zone 1 and Zone 2. Where as 14F refers to the Class 1, Division 1, Division 2 as previously mentioned. Fixed and floating petroleum facilities located offshore. Electrical systems for offshore petroleum facilities shall be designed and installed in accordance with the National Electrical Code (NEC) 1.2.1. API RP 14F and 14FZ are not used to classify areas.

API RP 14FZ (2013) www.ocsgroup.com

Sec 4 Electrical Equipment for Hazardous (Classified) areas Equipment required by the National Electrical Code to be approved and labeled for Class I, Division 1 or Class I, Division 2 locations shall be marked to show the class, group and operating temperature or temperature range (see "temperature identification number") referenced to a 40 °C ambient as follows: a) Class 1, Division 1 or Class I, Division 2, as applicable. b) applicable gas classification group(s). c) temperature classification. NOTE Equipment suitable for ambient temperatures exceeding 40 °C shall additionally be marked with the maximum ambient temperature.

API 14 F Lets now cover different sections of the API 14 F 1 General 2 References 3 Acronyms and Abbreviated Definitions 4 Electrical Equipment for Hazardous (Classified) 5 Electric Power Generating Stations 6 Electrical Distribution. 7 Electric Motors 8 Transformers 9 Lighting

API 14 F 10 Battery-powered DC Supply Systems 11 Special 12 Special Considerations 13 System Checkout 13.3 Instrumentation and Control Circuits 14 Maintenance 15 Safety Different Annexs Different figures Installations Different Tables

Sec 4 Electrical Equipment for Hazardous (Classified) areas 4.4.1 States “Equipment approved for locations classified as Zone 0, Zone 1 or Zone 2, is permitted in a Division 2 location (doesn’t permit Division 1) of the same Group (or a Group having more onerous requirements, see 4.6.3.2), provided that the surface temperature of the equipment, as indicated by its Temperature Class, is below the auto-ignition temperature of any gas or vapor that may be present. Relevant types of Zone rated equipment are described in API 14FZ. Therefore, temperature rating and group must be the same or higher protection!

Sec 4 Electrical Equipment for Hazardous (Classified) areas Where an area is classified or not classified this section covers the importance of having a clear understanding of the basic methods of protection such as ‘temperature’. High Temperature device Devices that the operating temperature exceeds 80% of the ignition temperature. Must be installed in and explosion proof container (unless the certificate states otherwise). This table refers to the maximum skin temperature of the equipment.

Sec 4 Electrical Equipment for Hazardous (Classified) areas Equipment that is listed for a Division 1 location is permitted in a or Division 2 location of the same gas or vapor, subject to NEC 500.8 A(2) requirements. In Class I, Zone 0, 1, or 2 locations shall be permitted in Class I, Division 2 locations for the same gas and with a suitable temperature class.

Electrical enclosures It is recommended that enclosures be corrosion –resistant materials, such as copper-free aluminum, stainless steel, suitable plastic, fiberglass or hot-dipped galvanized steel. NEMA, 4, 4X or 7 or IEC IP rating 55 or 56 is the minimum for weather protection in a classified area. Explosion proof equipment may not provide protection against the ingress of liquids or solids therefore, breathers and drains may be required. See tables 10,11,12 ands 12-1 for 14F NEMA tables.

NEMA enclosure types

API RP 14FZ (2013) www.ocsgroup.com

API RP 14F Explosion-proof

Typical motor name plate CDE

NO! Why is it NOT acceptable? Cl. I, Div. 1 & 2, Groups B, C, D Cl. II, Div. 1, Groups A,B C, D, G NEMA 4X NO! Why is it NOT acceptable?

Difference with API and NEC general purpose equipment 4.5.2 The NEC (501.6) permits the installation of fused or unfused disconnect and isolating switches for transformers or capacitor banks in general purpose enclosures in Division 2. Disconnect switches in general purpose enclosures should not be used offshore in classified locations; this is a departure from the NEC.

Sec 4 Electrical Equipment for Hazardous (Classified) areas Explosion –proof Equipment Explosion-proof assembly I electrical equipment packaged in an enclosure that is cable of withstanding an internal explosion and preventing its propagation to the external atmosphere.

Sec 4 Electrical Equipment for Hazardous (Classified) areas Explosion –proof Equipment This is the only protection method that allows the outside atmosphere to freely enter and freely leave. Therefore, an accumulation of an explosive atmosphere could develop inside the enclosure. Must have T rating (ensuring the device can not reach 80% of the ignition temperature of the specified gas/vapor in the area. T Rating will be on the nameplate. Gas Group will be B,C or D Delegates! Can you locate how this works, maintains safe operation and record?

Sec 4 Electrical Equipment for Hazardous (Classified) areas Explosion –proof Equipment Must have the correct number of Bolts, be properly torqued, or other specified securing device. Must have the correct plugs and accessories. What does 12.1.1 state? Must provide adequately maintained breathers and drains to prevent accumulation of moisture (12.1.1).

Accessories Must be of the correct type! Explosion proof breather/drain. Explosion proof stopper Explosion proof seal with drainage device

API RP 14F Hermetically Sealed

Sec 4 Electrical Equipment for Hazardous (Classified) areas Hermetically sealed This method of protection prevents hazardous gases coming into contact with a source of ignition. They accomplish this by maintaining a permanent seal. Resistant to mechanical abuse. Resistant to normal aging. Resistant to Hydrocarbons and other chemicals. Resistant to severe weather. The bond (seal) must be permanent. Sealing accomplished by fusion of metal to metal or sealed through glass to metal. Seals via O rings, Epoxy, molded elastomer and potting are NOT considered hermetically sealed (unless the certification from a testing laboratory states otherwise).

API RP 14F Intrinsically safe

Sec 4 Electrical Equipment for Hazardous (Classified) areas Intrinsically Safe (I.S) Systems An intrinsically safe circuit is incapable of releasing sufficient electrical or thermal energy to ignite a specified (as per ANSI/UL 913) explosive atmosphere through normal operation or specified faults (abnormal conditions). Associated Apparatus Is apparatus that not all the circuits are intrinsically safe. They could have high energy and I.S circuits. They should always be installed in the unclassified area or be provided with an alternative means of protection , purged or mounted inside and explosion proof box.

Sec 4 Electrical Equipment for Hazardous (Classified) areas No end device is intrinsically safe by itself. Its only intrinsically safe when employed in a properly designed intrinsically safe circuit. Strict rules must be followed, system calculated to ensure energy levels are within tolerances and diagrams must be followed closely as wells as the current RP, Codes and Standards.

Sec 4 Electrical Equipment for Hazardous (Classified) areas The two main advantages to an I.S system are Safety and Convenience. You are permitted to work on an I.S system live (no need for isolation) however, your company procedures must be followed at all times. What is Nonincendive equipment? Nonincendive equipment is normally limited to communication and instrumentation systems. Only suitable for Division 2 and unclassified locations. With nonincendive equipment make-and-break contact need not be explosion proof , oil immersed or hermetically sealed.

Sec 4 Electrical Equipment for Hazardous (Classified) areas Classified Area (Class 1 Div 1) Unclassified area (sometimes call non hazardous). If Associate Apparatus is placed in the classified area then it must have another method of protection.

API RP 14FZ (2013) www.ocsgroup.com

Pressurized or Purged Purging (also referred to as pressurizing) is a method of installing electrical equipment in a classified location without using explosion proof enclosures ( see NFPA No. 496). The presence of an explosive atmosphere is reduced therefore;

Clean air (non Classified area) Vent must have spark arrestor or vent to non classified area Classified Area Clean air (non Classified area)

API RP 14F Cables and Accessories.

Different types of Cable MC cable: Metal-clad cable as defined by NEC Article 334. MC-HL cable: Metal-clad cable for hazardous locations as defined in UL 2225. MI cable: Mineral-insulated metal-sheathed cable as defined by NEC Article 330. ITC cable: Type ITC instrumentation tray cable Jacketed cable: Cable with a nonmetallic protective covering. Marine cable: Same as shipboard cable, marine. PLTC cable: Type PLTC nonmetallic-sheathed, power-limited tray cable. Marine shipboard cable, marine applications.

CLX Cable CLX metal clad armored cable is a cable in conduit wiring system employing a mechanically strong, yet pliable sheath of corrugated aluminum, copper, bronze or steel, which can be applied over a variety of cable cores.

Multi Cable Transits (MCT) MCT is a mechanical cable and pipe sealing system. For use on land and marine bulkhead and deck applications. Providing protection from fire, smoke, water and blast pressures. Underwriters Laboratories Inc. UL 1479 and ASTM E-814, Test method for through penetration fire stops. They must be correctly installed as per manufactures information and maintain as per the manufactures instructions. Regulators such as U.S. Coast Guard and ABS (American Bureau of Shipping) audit these systems and impose heavy fines for noncompliance.

MCT NFPA 496 Standard for Purged and Pressurized Enclosures for Electrical Equipment, 2008 Edition, Quincy, MA: NFPA. IEC 60079-13 “Construction and Use of Buildings Protected by Pressurization

API RP 14F Installation 6.8 CONDUIT AND CABLE SEALS AND SEALING METHODS

Seals, Sec 6.8 In Division 1 and Division 2 locations, a seal shall be installed in every conduit or cable entering an enclosure containing an arcing or high-temperature device where the enclosure is required to be explosion proof. Cables installed in Division 1 locations require a seal at all terminations. Inch, size or larger conduit run entering an enclosure that contains splices, taps, or terminals. All seals should be installed as close as practicable, but in no case more than 18 inches, from the enclosures to which they are attached.

API RP 14FZ (2013) www.ocsgroup.com

API RP 14FZ (2013) www.ocsgroup.com

Grounding sec, 610. Grounding of electrical equipment on fixed and floating offshore petroleum facilities in a positive manner is of particular importance because personnel standing on steel decks or in contact with steel framing present a low impedance path to ground, effectively grounded. 6.10.3.2 For sizing equipment grounding conductors, refer to NEC Table 250-122.

7.1.1 Electrical Motors Electric motors are selected for the load requirements and the voltage, phase, and frequency of the power system. The motor design and construction should be suitable for both the load application and environmental conditions. Motor enclosures should be selected both to provide optimum protection from the environment and also to satisfy the area classification requirements. In Class I, Division 1 locations, motors shall be either explosion-proof or approved to meet one of three specific methods of construction a special ventilation system complying with NFPA 496, inert gas-filled, or a special submerged unit—as described by NEC Article 501-8(a).

Portable equipment 12.3.4 It is recommended that any portable electrical tools kept offshore that do not have labels certifying their use in Class I, Group D locations should be distinctly identified and permanently labeled “WARNING—SOURCE OF IGNITION WHEN IN USE.” Portable electrical equipment should be tested annually.

API14 RP FZ Design, installation and maintenance of Electrical Systems

Contents General Normative References 11. Special Systems Definitions Electric Power Electrical Distribution Systems Electric Motors Transformers Lighting Battery Systems Special Systems 11. Special Systems 12. Special Considerations 13. System Checkout 14. Maintenance 15 Safety Annex A-F Figures 1-14 Tables 1-20

Area Classification When classified areas require certified equipment, the class, zone, type of protection, gas group and temperature rating are all factors which need to be suited to their installed location. Refer to API RP 505 Hazardous (Classified) Locations II Sub Group (Gas above ground) IIC- Acetylene IIC- Hydrogen (API 505 Table 1-IIB+H²) IIB- Ethylene IIA- Propane

API RP 14FZ Listings, Markings and Documentation

Listing and Marking Sec 4.6 Equipment that is listed for a Zone 0 location is permitted in a Zone 0, Zone 1, or Zone 2 location of the same gas or vapor. Equipment that is listed for a Zone 1 location is permitted in a Zone 1 or Zone 2 location of the same gas or vapor. Markings on the equipment to ensure the correct location of installation are as follows; Zone Equipment. Class. Zone. Symbol “AEx.” (America) Protection technique(s). Applicable gas classification group(s) eg. Temperature classification Division Equipment Class 1, Division 1 or Class I, Division 2, as applicable. Applicable gas classification group(s). Temperature classification

Listing and Marking Electrical equipment of types of protection “e,” “m,” “p,”or “q” shall be marked Group II. Electrical equipment of types of protection “d,” “ia,” “ib,” [ia], or [ib] shall be marked Group IIA, or IIB, or IIC, or for a specific gas or vapor. Note: The symbol AEx on the equipment signifies that the equipment was tested to the appropriate American National standards (ANSI).

Ingress Protection (IP)

Dual-Marked It is recommended that the end user specify that the marking on dual-marked (Division and Zone) equipment used in Zone 1 or Zone 2 classified locations contain the Symbol “AEx ” and the Protection technique(s).

Markings of a dual marked device 500 505

These are in fact different. Flame-proof Ex ‘d’ Explosion proof and flame proof operate the same; An enclosure which is capable of withstanding an explosion of a gas or vapor within it and of preventing the ignition of an explosive gas or vapor which may surround it, and which operates at such an external temperature that a surrounding gas or vapor will not be ignited. Explosion proof (API RP 14F) Flame-proof AEx, EX ‘d’ (API RP 14FZ ) Class I, Division 1 and Division 2 As per UL 1203 Class I, Zone 1 and Zone 2 As per ANSI/ISA 60079-1 These are in fact different.

Equipment selection Division 1 Equipment Must be Explosion-Proof and certified to be within the area or intrinsically safe. Division 2 Need not be Explosion-Proof if there's no splicing and no requirement to maintain the explosion proof integrity. Zone 1 Equipment must be certified as meeting the requirements of the area this could be a number of different protection concepts (not just Flame-Proof). Zone 2 Equipment must be certified as meeting the requirements of the area this could be a number of different protection concepts. Lowest level of protection would be Ex n (reduced risk). In certain cases the Division Equipment may be installed in the Zone locations (sec API 14 RP FZ 6.4.1.5). Equipment approved for Zone 0,1 or 2 can be installed in a Division 2 area ( provide other requirements are met, see API RP 14F 4.6.3.2).

Purged and Pressurized This is a type of protection which prevents the entry of the surrounding atmosphere into the enclosure of the electrical apparatus by maintaining a positive pressure within the enclosure of a protective gas (air, inert, or other suitable gas) at a pressure higher than the surrounding atmosphere. Types of pressurization do differ from the APIRP 14F as follows;

Oil Immersion (Type "o”) Oil Immersion (Type "o”) Oil immersion (Type "o”) equipment is a type of protection in which the electrical equipment is immersed in a protective fluid of nonconductive silicone or mineral oil. This ensures that the gas or vapor located above the arcing or sparking parts or the gas or vapor located exterior to the enclosure cannot be ignited by the electrical arcing parts within the oil. As per ANSI/ISA-60079-6.

Increased Safety (Type "e”) Equipment Increased safety equipment is a type of protection applied to electrical equipment that does not produce arcs or sparks during normal operation and under certain abnormal conditions. This equipment has additional security against the possibility of excessive temperature and the equipment is assembled very carefully to ensure that arcing or sparking from part to part or connection to connection will not occur. As per ANSI/ISA 60079-7

Powder Filling Equipment Powder Filling Equipment; Similar to encapsulation equipment, powder filling (Type "q”) equipment protection incorporates a quartz or glass powder as a filling material. This method surrounds the hot or arcing electrical parts and doesn’t permit the ignition of the gas or vapor at a point either inside or outside the equipment enclosure. As per ANSI/ISA 60079-5

Encapsulation (Type "m”) Equipment Encapsulation equipment is a type in which any parts that could cause ignition of an explosive atmosphere by either excessive temperature or by arcing or sparking has been encapsulated in a compound of some sort. This encapsulation will prevent the flammable or combustible material from migrating into the enclosure in a large enough volume to form an ignitable atmosphere at the point of excessive temperature or electrical arc within the equipment. As per ANSI/ISA 60079-18

Powder Filled EX ‘q’ Powder Filling (Type "q”) Equipment Similar to encapsulation equipment, powder filling (Type "q”) equipment protection incorporates a quartz or glass powder as a filling material. This method surrounds the hot or arcing electrical parts and doesn’t permit the ignition of the gas or vapor at a point either inside or outside the equipment enclosure.

Intrinsic Safety I.S Equipment Intrinsic Safety (Types "ia” or "ib” or “ic”) is a type of protection technique that uses an apparatus that limits the maximum level of current and voltage measured as energy (usually in milli joules) under normal or fault conditions that can be delivered into the hazardous location. The intrinsically safe associated apparatus providing this energy limitation has a further identification marking on the equipment that indicates the type of intrinsic safety.

Reduced Risk ‘n’ This is protection suitable for use in Class I, Zone 2 only. It is subdivided into three categories, “nA”, “nC”, nL and “nR”. A - Non-sparking equipment. C - Sparking equipment in which the contacts are suitably protected other than by restricted breathing. R - Restricted breathing enclosure. This is similar to hermetically sealed however it also includes other enclosures where the rate of leaking of a flammable into the enclosure is restricted. Special leak tests are conducted on the enclosure. 10. Energy Limited (nL) Limit energy of sparks; limit the temperature of a device (replaced by Ex ic). As per ANSI/ISA 60079-15, ISA-S12. 12.01. The use of nL is a departure from the NEC as this is not listed in the 2011 edition of the NEC

API RP 505 (2013) www.ocsgroup.com Area Classification API RP 505 Sections - 3 - Acronyms, Terms, and Definitions. 4 -Electrical Equipment for Hazardous (Classified) Locations API RP 505 (2013) www.ocsgroup.com

API RP 14FZ Electrical Distribution Systems

API RP 14FZ (2013) www.ocsgroup.com Wiring methods API RP 14FZ (2013) www.ocsgroup.com

Mixing of threads Sec 6 .7.13 The mixing of metric and NPT threads for the straight and tapered threads should be avoided. The correct type of threads shall be installed or listed or labeled threaded adaptors suitable for the location.

API RP 14FZ (2013) www.ocsgroup.com No sealing device required when cable is used Class I Zone 1 API RP 14FZ (2013) www.ocsgroup.com

Special equipment Portable equipment; All electrical portable equipment should be designated for use in classified locations and labeled by a third party testing laboratory such as FM or UL as suitable for the location. Should be also used with Hot Work Permit. Extension Cords; For temporary use only. Lock out and Tag out; Should comply with the NFPA 70E.

Maintenance Electrical Maintenance should be in accordance wit the NFPA 70B. An Electrical Preventative Maintenance Program (EPM) should be developed at the facility (Annex A).

API RP 14FZ (2013) www.ocsgroup.com