World War I “The Great War” 1914-1918 The War to End all Wars Goal 8: 1 World War I “The Great War” 1914-1918 The War to End all Wars

Main Causes of WWI (1914-1918) Militarism Alliance System Imperialism Desire to create a strong army / Competition Alliance System Desire for international security Imperialism Military strength (competition) / new markets / cultural superiority Nationalism Deep devotion to your country (ego)

Alliance System in WWI 2 major defenses The Triple Entente vs. The Triple Alliance (ALLIES) (AXIS / CENTRAL) France (1) German AMERICA (2) Bulgaria (3) Great Britain (3) Austria-Hungary (4) Russia (withdraws in 1917) (4) Ottoman Empire ** MANY OTHERS Purpose: international security *America joins the Triple Entente in 1917

What starts WWI *******************************************************The “assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand” (Heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne) 1914 – Franz Ferdinand visits Sarajevo (A.H) Gravillo Princip – (Serbian nationalist / neighboring country) member of the terrorist organization known as the “Black Hand” – shoots Franz Ferdinand

Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia (FIRST BATTLE OF WWI) Austria-Hungary is protected by Germany through TREATIES Austria-Hungary and Germany against Serbia Axis vs. Allies German Strategy: America supports Germany in the beginning (British sets up a blockade) *FREEDOM OF THE SEAS policy is not HONORED! U-Boats (unterseeboot) – any ship found in British water will be sunk (UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE)

Freedom of the Seas The idea that ships can travel through international waters without being attacked! (practiced since 16th century) Germany’s “unrestricted submarine warfare” opposed the idea of freedom of the seas

Germany’s Leader / Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II Led the German government during WWI - Last German Emperor

********Schlieffen Plan********* Germany brings NEUTRAL Belgium into WWI!!!! Germany goes through Belgium “QUICKLY” – then goes to France, destroys France and goes through Belgium again to go to Russia

American questions NEUTRALITY / ISOLATIONISM / PACIFISM 1914 – no reason for U.S. to get involved (WE BELIEVE IN NEUTRALITY) 1917 – America FINALLY gets involved 2 Reason why America got involved in 1917 Sinking of the Lusitania (*unrestricted submarine warfare / freedom of the seas) Zimmerman Note / telegram

Sinking of the Lusitania (1 MAIN CAUSE OF AMERICAN ENTRY) German U-Boats (subs) were sent out to sink any opposing ship THE SINKING OF THE LUSITANIA Example of Unrestricted Submarine Warfare A British liner with American passengers was sunk by a U-Boat off the coast of Ireland (18 minutes) German’s Defense: Ammo on board RESULT: American opinion changed!!! (Toward Germany) Wilson’s Response: NOTHING Germans – sink the Arabic then the Sussex

Sussex Pledge (1916) Sussex – French Ship (U.S. passengers) that was sunk by German U-boats A “promise” by the German government to the U.S. in 1916 in response to the conduct of unrestricted submarine warfare / freedom of the seas Reason: Germany wanted to keep relationship with U.S.

1916 Presidential Election WOODROW WILSON is Reelected Presidential Campaign Slogan: “He Kept Us Out of War!” “Peace Without Victory” doctrine Neither side would act as an Aggressor…just work it out / spread democracy (this idea leads to the formation of the League of Nations)

2 reasons why America fought in WWI / The U.S DECLARES WAR (1917) Wilson calls for Peace…Germany doesn’t want that! (U-Boats will still go out and sink everyone = (1) Unrestricted Submarine Warfare - attacking merchant ships “WITHOUT” warning! (Example) Sinking of the Lusitania (2) Zimmerman Note **** - a telegram from Germany to Mexico claiming they will HELP Mexico get their land back they lost to the U.S. *Britain intercepts letter* (Proved that Germany had no plans to keep U.S. relationship positive) *Direct violation of Monroe Doctrine and Roosevelt Corollary

British Problem with Zimmerman Note Britain intercepted telegram (1) Tell America – German attacks Br. (2) Don’t tell America – America cannot help Br.

Wilson’s / Congressional Actions Congress declares war (mobilization) against the Central / Axis Powers (April 2, 1917) Woodrow Wilson convinced them with a speech to the Senate Famous Quote: “THE WORLD MUST BE MADE SAFE FOR DEMOCRACY!” -Woodrow Wilson on declaring war in WWI

Raising an Army (for WWI) To meet the government’s need for more fighting power, Congress passed the Selective Service Act (1917) Register for the draft, to be called into active duty to fight in WWI

Propaganda Media used to “influence” the opinions or behaviors of people Gives loaded messages in order to produce an emotional rather than rational response to the information presented Committee of Public Information (CPI) First America Propaganda agency Created by : GEORGE CREEL

3 causes of WWI (in Europe) VS 3 causes of WWI (in Europe) VS. 2 causes for American involvement in WWI Causes of WWI Causes for U.S. in WWI (1) Militarism (1) Unrestricted Submarine Warfare (Germany) (2) Alliance System (Example) Lusitania (2) Zimmerman Note (3) Imperialism (4) Nationalism

Russian Revolutions (1917) February Revolution: led by Russian civilians Overthrew the Tsarist Russian government (Tsar Nicholas II) Result: DEMOCRACY IS IN RUSSIA October Revolution: Led by Vladimir Lenin (Bolsheviks) Established a Communist state Communism – government controls business, economy, politics and civil liberties of its citizens (extreme version of socialism)

Propaganda / Ad Campaigns Promote WWI and American Entry One Picture / Political Cartoon Most Important: Create an intriguing or persuasive slogan to persuade American civilians and businesses to support American entry into WWI Examples: Joining the Army / Conservation of food / Victory Gardens / Rationing EXPLAIN AT BOTTOM (like back wall) Due Today: 2 Pieces of Propaganda that addresses 2 separate issues