Warm Up You live in ancient Rome under the reign of the Etruscan kings. Your people hold no representation in the government. Decisions are made by a king who lives hundreds of miles away. His rule is oppressive and your people suffer from high taxes and famine. What do you do?

The Roman Republic

Enduring Understandings: Political systems evolve out of the needs of the society. The organization of societies is defined by a relationship between the ruler and the ruled. Essential Questions: How does geography impact civilizations? How did the development of political, religious, and economic systems led to a social hierarchy? 3. What role did cultural diffusion and cultural exhange play in the rise and fall of empires?

The Geography of Rome

The History of Ancient Italy

Italy in 750 BCE

The Legend of Rome’s Start Twins named Romulus and Remus abandoned near the Tiber River - Twins sons of god Mars and Latin princess Raised by a she-wolf Chose to build Rome near where grew up

The Reality of Legend Rome built near Tiber River because Fertile Soil Strategic Location Built in middle of Italy

Early Settlers of Rome Latins (1000-500 B.C.) Greeks (750-600 B.C.) FIRST Romans Farmers and shepherds Built Rome on Palentine Hill Greeks (750-600 B.C.) Settled on Italian Coast Very prosperous trade Romans took Greek Gods and gave them Latin names

Early Settlers of Rome Etruscans (600 B.C.) - Northern Italians - Skilled metalworkers and engineers - Developed a system of writing and use of the arch that Romans adopted

Influence of the Etruscans Writing Religion The Arch

The Early Republic Around 600 BC an Etruscan became king Built many temples and public buildings Tarquin the Proud Last king of Rome Very harsh tyrant Wealthy rose up and overthrew him Vowed never to be ruled by a king again

A Republic is Born Established a republic Power rests with citizens who have the right to vote and select leaders Their elected leaders speak for the people

The Roman Republic: 509 B.C. - 27 B.C.

Republican Government 2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome) Senate (Representative body for patricians) Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians)

Patricians vs. Plebians Landowners who held most of the power Only ones who could be elected to government positions Plebeians Commoners who made up the majority of the population Could vote, but not be elected

Roman Law Find a partner. Read the passage on Roman law. Answer the provided questions 1-5 on your own paper. Be prepared to discuss with the class.

Compromise and the Twelve Tables Plebeians given right to form their own assembly and elect tribunes Protected rights of Plebeians Twelve Tables 451 BC wrote down laws of Rome for both plebeian and patrician All citizens would be protected by the law

The Twelve Tables, 450 B.C. Political and Social Rights for Plebians

Government in Rome Rome had two officials rule called consuls Commanded army and directed government 1 year term and can’t run again for 10 years Each could veto the decision of another

Government in Rome (Cont.) The Senate 300 members From the upper class of Roman society Served for life Proposed and made laws

The Roman Forum

Government in Rome (Cont.) In times of crisis a dictator is chosen One person has complete control over the army and to make laws Term was only for 6 months Chosen by consuls and Senate

The Roman Army All male citizens who owned land had to serve in the army Organized into large units called legions Made up of 5000 armed foot soldiers and soldiers on horseback (cavalry)

Rome Spreads it’s Power Rome conquers all of Italy  different laws for different areas conquered Rome’s Commercial Network  traded wine and oil for raw materials and manufactured goods  Came into direct conflict with Carthage  Carthage once a colony of Phonecia

Carthaginian Empire

The Punic Wars 264 B.C.  Rome vs. Carthage 1. Fought three wars  1st (264-241 B.C.): over Sicily and W. Mediterranean  2nd (218 B.C.) Hannibal: seeking revenge for defeat of first war  3rd (149-146 B.C.) Rome sets fire to Carthage – 50,000 people enslaved

Hannibal of Carthage

Hannibal’s Route

Punic Wars Timeline

The Roman Empire

Resources Mr. Wells Hickory Ridge HS Sue Pojer Horace Greeley HS McDougal Littell World History: Patterns of Interaction