Domain 3 Organism 17%

Focus Standards SB3. Students will derive the relationship between single-celled and multi-celled organisms and the increasing complexity of systems. a. Explain the cycling of energy through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration. b. Compare how structures and function vary between the six kingdoms (archaebacteria, eubacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals). c. Examine the evolutionary basis of modern classification systems. d. Compare and contrast viruses with living organisms.

Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

Bi-Products of photosynthesis are Glucose and Oxygen Begins with the SUN Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight & chlorophyll C6H12O6 + 6O2 Bi-Products of photosynthesis are Glucose and Oxygen

Photosynthesis Chemical reaction where green plants use water & carbon dioxide to store the sun’s energy in glucose and give of oxygen ENERGY is stored in glucose Glucose is stored as starch in plants

6O2 + C6H12O6 -->  6H2O + 6CO2 + energy CELLULAR RESPIRATION is the chemical reaction that releases the energy in glucose. Bi-Products of cellular respiration are Carbon Dioxide, Water & ATP Energy

6O2 + C6H12O6 --> 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight & chlorophyll  C6H12O6 + 6O2 Use the Bi-Products of photosynthesis Glucose and Oxygen 6O2 + C6H12O6 -->  6H2O + 6CO2 + energy To produce Carbon Dioxide, Water & ATP Energy

Modern Classification System & The 6 Kingdoms

What is Classification? Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities Classification is also known as taxonomy Taxonomists are scientists that identify & name organisms

Classification Groups Taxon ( taxa-plural) is a category into which related organisms are placed There is a hierarchy of groups (taxa) from broadest to most specific Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species

Hierarchy-Taxonomic Groups Domain Kingdom Phylum (Division – used for plants) Class Order Family Genus Species BROADEST TAXON Genus and species are the two names used to identify specific organisms in the binomial system of classification. Division is used for plants. Most Specific

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Organisms are Grouped by their Number of Cells Unicellular Organisms Living Organism Made Up Of One Cell Multicellular Organisms Living Organism Made Up Of Many, Specialized Cells

Domains Broadest, most inclusive taxon Three domains Archaea and Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles) Eukarya are more complex and have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Domain Eukarya is Divided into Kingdoms Protista (protozoans, algae…) Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts …) Plantae (multicellular plants) Animalia (multicellular animals)

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Cladogram Diagram showing how organisms are related based on shared, derived characteristics such as feathers, hair, or scales

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Dichotomous Keying Used to identify organisms Characteristics given in pairs Read both characteristics and either go to another set of characteristics OR identify the organism

Viruses

Are Viruses Living or Non-living? Viruses are both and neither They have some properties of life but not others For example, viruses can be killed, even crystallized like table salt However, they can’t maintain a constant internal state (homeostasis).

What are Viruses? A virus is a non-cellular particle made up of genetic material and protein that can invade living cells.

Characteristics Non living structures Noncellular Contain a protein coat called the capsid Have a nucleic acid core containing DNA or RNA Capable of reproducing only when inside a HOST cell

Characteristics Some viruses are enclosed in an protective envelope CAPSID Some viruses are enclosed in an protective envelope Some viruses may have spikes to help attach to the host cell Most viruses infect only SPECIFIC host cells DNA ENVELOPE SPIKES

Characteristics Outside of host cells, viruses are inactive Lack ribosomes and enzymes needed for metabolism Use the raw materials and enzymes of the host cell to be able to reproduce EBOLA VIRUS HIV VIRUS

STUDY-STUDY-STUDY AND GET A GOOD REMEMBER TO STUDY-STUDY-STUDY AND GET A GOOD NIGHT’S REST!!! GOOD LUCK