“Blowback” or “Clash of Civilizations”? Islamic Jihad “Blowback” or “Clash of Civilizations”?

What are the causes of Islamic Terror? Since September 11th 2001, there have been 107 incidents of Islamic terrorism worldwide claiming 2000 more victims

Why Jihad? Poverty and lack of opportunity in the Muslim World The Presence of foreign troops in the Middle East, in particular the Holy cities The intractable Israeli-Palestinian dispute U.S. Foreign Policy towards Islamic states “Blowback” Clash of civilizations

How can we fight terrorism? Eradicate Poverty Peace in Palestine Prevention of continued recruitment of Jihadists

Clash of Civilizations Samuel P. Huntington “Clash of Civilizations” Foreign Affairs 1993 The Book appeared in 1998

The History of Warfare since 1648 The wars between princes and monarchs Wars between nations and peoples Conflicts of ideologies & the Cold War

Huntington’s Civilizations

Why Civilizations Will Clash Divisions are basic & Real The World is becoming smaller Globalization separates people from local identities

Why Civilizations Will Clash The current global power of western civilization Cultural differences are less mutable Economic regionalism is growing

The West Versus Islam US support for Israel Desert Shield - Desert Storm Initial failure to protect Bosnia Russian destruction of Chechnya

The West Versus Islam Iranian Nuclear ambitions Iraq War II Pope Benedict’s comments The Cartoon Furor Ethiopia/Somalia The recent London car bombings

The Rise of Jihad 600 The Sunni-Shia Split 1300 Ibn Tamiyyah justifies revolt against Ottoman rulers 1700 Muhammed ibn Abd al-Wahab condemns Shiites, founds Wahabism 1916 British and French division of the Ottoman Empire 1928 Egyptian activist found “Muslim brotherhood”

The Rise of Jihad 1948 Founding of Israel approved by UN 1952 Col. Nasser coup in Egypt 1966 Nasser executes Sayyid Qutb and outlaws Muslim Brotherhood 1967 Israel crushes Arab armies in the Six-Day War 1973 Arab Oil embargo finances Islamic missionary campaign

The Rise of Jihad 1979 Islamic Revolution replaces Shah in Iran with Ayatollah Khomeini 1979 Jihad begins against Soviet occupied Afghanistan financed by US 1981 Jihadist soldiers assassinate Egyptian President Anwar Sadat for 1979 peace treaty with Israel 1985 exiled Saudi construction millionaire Osama bin Laden lay groundwork for al Qaeda in Afghanistan

The Rise of Jihad 1993 1st World Trade Center Bombing by Ramsi Yousef 1998 Bin Laden and al-Zawahiri issue fatwa calling on followers to kill Americans 1998 Al Qaeda bombing of embassies in Tanzania and Kenya 2000 Al Qaeda bombing of USS Cole in Yemen

The Rise of Jihad 2001 9/11 kills nearly 3000 in New York, at the Pentagon, and in rural Pennsylvania 2002 Car bombs linked to Jemaah Islamiya kill 202 in Bali 2003 Khalid Sheik Mohammed, mastermind of 9/11 arrested in Pakistan 2004 Madrid train bombings kill 191 2005 London bombs kill 52 commuters 2006 al-Zarqawi killed in Iraq 2006 Mumbai Train bombings, 7 bombs kill 209

The Rise of Jihad 2007 Qahtaniya bombings kill 800 member of Iraq’s Yazidi sect 2008 Ahmedabad bombings in India, 21 bombs kill 56 2008 Mumbai coordinated attacks kill 174 at hotel, synagogue and train station attacks 2009 Two suicide vehicles kill 155 in and around Green Zone in Baghdad. 2009 Jordanian double agent kills 9 at Camp Chapman in Afghanistan including 7 CIA agenst

What Can/Did We Do? Homeland Security Patriot Act Airport Security Invade Iraq Invade Afghanistan Intelligence Sharing

Obama got Osama The GWOT is over SEAL Team Six attack in Abbottabad May 2nd 2011 killed Osama bin Laden Withdrawal from Iraq December 2011 Taliban don’t have international agenda Arab Spring Osama demonstrated the “divine mandate” of Jihad: morale will suffer

Obama got Osama The GWOT is not over The threat remains viable -Ayman al Zawahiri Al Qaeda still operates openly in FATA/Waziristan region of Pakistan Osama’s leadership was only symbolic Haqqani network is more dangerous to the US than Osama LeT, Jem, JaI provide similar threat

The End of History