Open Geospatial Consortium Meteorology & Oceanography Domain Working Group Overview Chris Little, Co-Chair Met Ocean DWG (Marie-Françoise Voidrot, Météo-France, Co-Chair) Jeju, Korea 2012-11-06 © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Introduction OGC Overview Other Standards organisations OGC Structures Met Ocean DWG OGC-WMO MoU OGC Standards OGC Strategies WMO / Met Ocean DWG Interests & Progress Questions & Answers © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. OGC Overview 1 International, non-profit, consortium Established 1994 Develop publicly available interface standards for geospatial data and services 454 companies, govt. agencies, universities, individuals Voluntary consensus processes: Specify Implement Interoperability Experiments Change standards/implementations Repeat Some standards fast tracked in ISO NA 169 SA 2 Eur 205 Afr 5 ME 8 AsiaPac 65 © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. OGC Overview 2 Vision: Realise societal, economic and scientific benefits of integrating electronic location resources into commercial and institutional processes worldwide Mission: global forum for collaboration of developers and users of spatial data products and services and to advance the development of international standards for geospatial interoperability Strategic Goals: Goal 1 - Provide free and openly available standards to the market, tangible value to Members, and measurable benefits to users. Goal 2 - Lead worldwide in the creation and establishment of standards that allow geospatial content and services to be seamlessly integrated into business and civic processes, the spatial web and enterprise computing. Goal 3 - Facilitate the adoption of open, spatially enabled reference architectures in enterprise environments worldwide. Goal 4 - Advance standards in support of the formation of new and innovative markets and applications for geospatial technologies. Goal 5 - Accelerate market assimilation of interoperability research through collaborative consortium processes. © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

Other Standards Organisations WMO ICAO ISO ITU UNESCO/IOC IHO IMO … IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) IANA (Internet Assigned Name Authority) IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) W3C (World Wide Web Consortium ) OASIS (Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards) OMG (Object Management Group) International both treaty and non-treaty, Community based, Consortia © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

Where does OGC fit in the ‘standards’ world? IETF / W3C Infrastructure: WSDL, UDDI, SOAP, XML De Facto OGC Software Interfaces: Instantiate Domain and De jure into Infrastructure ISO/ CEN / Nations Domains: Object / Abstract Models, Content, Vocabulary De Jure Domain Infrastructure © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

The Evolution of the OGC Strategic Focus… Broad scale application of geoprocessing technology and expanded understanding of global inter-community relationships Second generation web-based interoperable services and decision support systems Improved integration of geoprocessing with mainstream information technology capabilities Information and multi-platform interoperability capacity, composite services Improved inter-community and multi-enterprise data and processing resource sharing and platform-independent interoperability Technical and Socioeconomic Impact First generation of web-based interoperable services Improved multi-source information operations for technical interoperability in web-based environments, enabled enterprise applications and location services, broad base of operational implementations Capacity to exchange geospatial information and services across multiple computing environments, integrated with mainstream information technology Open GIS Abstract Models Enhanced understanding of geoprocessing interoperability and digital representation of Earth and Earth phenomena Current Strategic Focus is: Steady improvement in the Technical Baseline and inter-community resource sharing capacity Open GIS Consortium established and Technical Committee organized OGC Technical Baseline 1994 1996 1998 2002 2004 2006 2008 Copyright © 2009, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 7

© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. OGC Structures Board of Directors (25) , Staff (16) , Members (454) Strategic Member Advisory Committee OGC Architecture Board (OAB) Programmes: Specification Interoperability Outreach & Adoption Planning Committee – quarterly Technical Committee – quarterly, open conference Standing Subcommittees: Documentation, Naming Authority, Compliance Interoperability & Testing Evaluation (CITE) SWG Standards Working Groups – ‘vertical’ (36) Short life, for duration of creation/change of standard DWG Domain Working Groups – ‘horizontal’ (28) Met Ocean Hydrology Aviation Regional and National Forums Strategic, $serious money Principal-Plus $lotsamoney Principal, $55K Technical, $11K Associate (6 price levels) $500-$4K © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OCG Technical and Planning Committees All members in Technical Committee Standard and Domain WGs formally meet at TC Lots of Telecons, Mailing lists, Wikis. Controlled Website Meets for 4 days every quarter: 2010 Q3 Toulouse 2010 Q4 Sydney 2011 Q1 Bonn 2011 Q2 Taiwan 2011 Q3 Boulder 2011 Q4 Brussels 2012 Q1 Austin 2012 Q2 Exeter 2012 Q3 Seoul 2012 Q4 Redlands (2013-01) 2013 Q1 Abu Dhabi . . . Followed by 1 day Planning Committee © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC Public Documents Implementation Standards (50) Profiles of Standards (5) Abstract Specification and Reference Model (~20 topics) Formal Schemas (26) Best Practices (25) Public Discussion Papers & Engineering Reports (~200) Policy directives and documents (8) White Papers (36) Requests for Comment, Requests for Quotation Change Requests Deprecated and Retired Documents

>36 OGC Public Standards Catalogue Service (CSW) / Cat: ebRIM App Profile: Earth Observation Products CityGML Coordinate Transformation Filter Encoding Geography Mark-up Language (GML, ISO19136:2007) / GML in JPEG 2000 / KML Geospatial eXtensible Access Control Mark-up Language (GeoXACML) Location Services (OpenLS) Observations and Measurements (O&M, proposed ISO19156) Sensor Model Language (SML) Sensor Observation Service (SOS) Sensor Planning Service (SPS) Simple Features / CORBA / OLE/COM / SQL (SF, ISO19106:2004, ISO19107:2003) Styled Layer Descriptor / Symbology Encoding (SLD/SE) / Geographic Objects Transducer Mark-up Language (TML) Web Coverage Service / Web Coverage Processing Service / Grid Coverage Service Web Feature Service (WFS) Web Map Service (WMS, ISO19128:2005) / Web Map Context Web Map Tile Service (WMTS) Web Processing Service (WPS) Web Service Common (OWS Common) © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC Standards Working Groups (2012) © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC Portal http://www.opengeospatial.org/ogc This page is ‘Requests for Comment’ section. Topics down the LH side, and tabs across the top Portal has public and private sections: working (pending) documents in private section, agreed standards in public section © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. OGC Change Requests © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC Domain Working Groups (2012) Copyright © 2009, Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Copyright (c) 2009 OPen Geospatial Consortium

Met Ocean Domain Working Group Regular ECWMF Operations Workshop 2007: recommended workshop/conference on GIS Workshop on the Use of GIS/OGC Standards in Meteorology: ECMWF, 2008-11-24/26 Review use of OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) standards in geo-sciences in Europe & worldwide Promote collaboration between meteorological services in order to define a set of common standards that will enhance interoperability Recommended OGC involvement and establish Met DWG Established major theme: Web Map Services interoperability for National Met Services © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

Met Ocean Domain Working Group UK Met Office, Météo-France joined OGC 2008-11 At OGC Tech Conf, Athens, 2009-03: Meteorology DWG established Hydrology DWG also established At OGC Tech Conf, Darmstadt, 2009-09: Meteorology DWG converted itself to Meteorology & Oceanography DWG Stopped separate Climatology DWG Environmental System Science DWG well established Hydro separate, Met Ocean combined, including Climatology

Met Ocean Domain Working Group OGC and WMO signed MoU 2009-11 (Met, Ocean, Hydro) 2nd Workshop on Use of GIS/OGC Standards in Meteorology Toulouse, 23-25 November 2009 Established second major work theme: Conceptual modelling Third workshop planned Exeter 2010, Observations theme 3rd Workshop on Use of GIS/OGC Standards in Meteorology Exeter, 15-27 November 2010 Progressed previous work, re-established Interoperability Experiments, SLD/SE started 4th workshop planned Washington 2011 or 2012? Community workshops, not OGC 4th workshop never happened © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

OGC-WMO Memorandum of Understanding Signed 23 November 2009 Compromise between: WMO-No. 60: Basic Documents No. 3 2002 edition ftp://ftp.wmo.int/Documents/MediaPublic/Publications/Policy_docs/060E.pdf Standard OGC MoU terms ‘Umbrella’ MoU over organisations, encompassing: OGC Met Oceans DWG and Hydrology DWG all WMO Commissions: CBS, CHy, JCOMM, CCl, CIMO, CAeM, CAgM, CAS Short legal document, with flexible Annexe Lightweight – let experts get on with the work © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. OGC-WMO MoU Outcomes Key WMO role-players identified WMO Secretariat Information Systems Branch Experts representing the following Technical Commissions to liaise with OGC Met Ocean- and Hydrology DWGs Commission for Basic Systems (CBS) Commission for Instruments and Methods of Observation (CIMO) Commission for Climatology (CCl) Commission for Hydrology (CHy) Joint WMO-IOC Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) One CBS expert to liaise with above mentioned experts Coordination of WMO and DWG activities Establishment of a WMO-OGC coordination team consisting of WMO and OGC nominated experts and co-chairs of DWG (Proposal to be confirmed by OGC) © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 21

OGC-WMO MoU Outcomes (continued…) Addressing WMO requirements OGC-WMO coordination team to ensure that the requirements expressed by WMO Programmes are appropriately acknowledged within DWG activities Reporting structures Reporting between OGC and WMO through OGC-WMO coordination team WMO lead Technical Commission should be CBS WMO internal reporting through nominated coordinator and experts Synchronization of DWG activities Joint meetings Identification of areas of cooperation (e.g. joint IEs) © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. 22

Challenges for OGC standards in Meteorology Long history of interoperability at human/paper level Spatial & Temporal, 2D, 3D, 4+D, constantly changing Not MBytes, but GB, TB and PetaBytes of data daily. Irregular time intervals Timescales: hours,.., seasons,.., centuries, + & - Multiple Time attributes ‘Regular’ grids are not always regular Continual change of coordinate systems & projecting Eulerian versus Lagrangian viewpoints Vertical coordinates Cross-sections, height-time diagrams, T/φs, etc Ensembles: probabilistic distributions Significant ‘Objects’, features of interest ‘Now’ T+0, not allowed in calculations in 19108. Is allowed in 19139 360 day years Interpolation is routine and sophisticated, using a NWP, or truncation. Could be continuous or dichotomous at same time Scalars, vectors, tensors © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

Met Ocean DWG work Wiki (open) http://external.opengeospatial.org/twiki_public/MetOceanDWG/WebHome Mailing list (open) meteo.dwg@lists.opengeospatial.org Teleconferences most / many Tuesdays, 15:00 - 16:00 UTC WMS Best Practice, retrofit WMS 1.3: TIME Climatological Periods & Time Vertical Coordinates, ELEVATION Coordinate Reference Systems CRS (being tackled in other groups) Customer / User orientated, so no Met traditional terminology SLD/SE wiki and GitHub https://github.com/chris-little/WorldWeatherSymbols Conceptual Modelling Based on O&M Jeremy Tandy leading, driven by Aviation, but long term WCS, new WCS 2.0 Extra 3rd Co-Chair?

© 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. OGC Strategies ‘Old Guard’ “2D world” vs ‘New Guard’ “4D+ world” Restructuring standards in to Core + Extensions Moving from KVP Client/Service API to RESTful http based Keep using Interoperability Experiments and Test Beds Scenario and Use Case driven Establishing naming, registries & validation chains with URIs Expanding from US based to European to global Expanding out of traditional GIS communities Opened up Twikis, Mailing lists in response to MODWG Follow the money! © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

Example of Implementation Differences - WCS Visual Weather WCS THREDDS WCS (1.0.0) Service Data source (e.g. all Global model runs) Single instance of data source (e.g. a single Global model run) COVERAGE Met parameter (e.g. temperature) but no standard names Spatial domain 2D BBOX + ‘ELEVATION’ range parameter 3D BBOX + ‘VERTICAL’ range parameter Time domain TIME for validity time + ‘DIM_RUN’ & ‘DIM_FORECAST’ range parameters for analysis time and forecast period TIME for validity time (Analysis time is covered by service) © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

WMO / Met Ocean DWG Interests WMS – Currently Proactive Time – Several Proposals, consensus nearly achieived. Informal IE held Elevation Map Projections – changes to existing repositories in progress SLD/SE – Aviation SigWx and standard WMO Plots Use Cases - slow Tiling – WMTS now a separate standard – jigsaw edges – stationary! Conceptual Modelling - Currently Proactive WXXM for Aviation GML3.2.1, KML2.2 geoSMS for use with CAP?? WCS/WFS – lots of ‘churn’ - Currently Reactive, becoming proactive 4D, CRS, payload formats, vector vs raster CSW – compatibility with ISO23950, OpenSearch - Currently Reactive O&M, SWE increasing in importance - Currently Passive © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

WMO / Met Ocean DWG currently NOT Interested GeoXAMCL – security at detailed feature level CityGML – city and building modelling OpenLS - Location Services ?? WPS - Web Processing Service ?? 3D and Augmented Reality ?? Etc © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

Met Ocean DWG: Some Interesting Domain WGs Active dialogues Aviation Catalogues Co-ordinate Reference Systems Coverages Defence & Intelligence Emergency & Disaster Management Hydrology Metadata (Discovery, not Interpretation) Not currently Active Data Preservation Decision Support Earth Systems Science Location Services Mass Market Sensor Web Enablement

Met Ocean DWG future work priorities Work on Met Ocean aspects of WCS2.0 proposals Extend WMS1.3 BP to other standards (WMTS… Other than WCS 2.0) Follow GeoTIFF WCS shortcut process with WMO GRIB format Expand WMS1.3 BP with climatological periods, calendars, etc Carry on with weather symbols in SVG for SLD/SE on Github Interact more with the on Aviation DWG for Met Express requirements/Change Request to WMS2.0 Influence other OGC standards e.g. PubSub?, etc Extend the BP towards a Profile (+ Chair WMS SWG) Work on WMO Registries, SKOS, etc

OGC Met Ocean DWG Summary is becoming global, rather than American has opened up processes to community groups Twiki, mailing lists is updating standards from client/server to RESTful Is restructuring standards to a ‘Core & Extensions’ model In middle of ‘2D+Layers’ versus ‘4D+slice & dice’ churn Interoperability Experiments and Test beds are still heavyweight, to protect members’ IPR Not an issue for Met Ocean community Has taken on Met Ocean requirements in key standards, even when Met Ocean people not actively involved More volunteers and experts needed © 2010 Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc.

Met Ocean DWG Summary Members: UKMO, M-F, DWD, ECWMF, EUMETSAT, met.no, FMI, CMC, NOAA, KNMI, (JMA, KMA, ??) WMS Best Practice recommendations made Consistency between WMO, ICAO and OGC conceptual models achieved Work started on WCS and data payloads Non-WMO observations are increasingly important, so OGC observation standards will become important 4th Workshop on Use of GIS/OGC Standards in Meteorology ECMWF, Reading, 4-6 March 2013 Lots of work, increasing importance – join in!

Met Ocean DWG Questions and Answers?