“Operation Desert Storm” Gulf War I 1990 “Operation Desert Storm”

Saddam Hussein Dictator of Iraq 1979 – 2003 (24 years)

Saddam’s sons Uday Hussein Qusay Hussein

Why did Saddam Hussein attack Kuwait? - Iraq accused Kuwait of stealing Iraqi petroleum - The state of Kuwait was annexed, and Hussein announced in a few days that it was the 19th province of Iraq. - Iraqi forces massed on the border before the invasion Why did Saddam Hussein attack Kuwait? Iraq was $80 Billion in debt Saddam wanted Kuwaiti oil (pure greed)

Diplomatic steps to avoid war Before the invasion When Iraqi forces massed on the Kuwait border, we did not believe he would actually attack. We thought Iraq just intended to pressure Kuwait for oil money to pay the debt. USA assured Saddam Hussein that we, “did not intend to start an economic war with Iraq”. Kuwait did not have its forces on alert and were caught off guard. After the invasion Stern warning: “Immediately leave Kuwait”. U.S. Ambassador in Iraq April Glaspie

Kuwait Occupation by Iraq 7 month-long occupation Looted Kuwait's vast wealth Reports of violations of human rights Saddam Hussein appointed new leaders in Kuwait 1. Alaa Hussein Ali as the Prime Minister of the "Provisional Government of Free Kuwait" 2. Ali Hassan al-Majid as the de facto governor of Kuwait.[ “Scorched Earth” policy Iraqi forces set oil wells on fire as they are forced out of Kuwait

USA involvement The Iraqi invasion and occupation of Kuwait was unanimously condemned by all major world powers. USSR and China, placed arms embargo on Iraq. USA issued an ultimatum to Iraq to withdraw its forces from Kuwait by 15 January 1991 or face war. General Schwartzkoff Pres Bush

Blood for Oil? Many liberalists believe that Pres Bush led the USA into the Iraq war to preserve oil flow from the Middle East.

USA Leadership in the battle Left to right… General Colin Powell General “Stormin” Norman Schwartzkoff Paul Wolfowitz (Under Sec of Defense)

Coalition Domination “Coalition”: A coalition is a pact or treaty among individuals or groups, during which they cooperate in joint action

List of Coalition forces by number of military personnel Country Number of Personnel Comments / Major Events  United States 575,000 - 697,000 Operation Desert Shield Battle of Khafji Battle of 73 Easting Battle of Al Busayyah Battle of Phase Line Bullet Battle of Medina Ridge Battle of Wadi Al-Batin Battle of Norfolk Operation Desert Storm  Saudi Arabia 60,000 - 100,000 Operation Desert Shield Battle of Khafji Operation Desert Storm  United Kingdom 53,462[1] Operation Granby  Egypt 20,000 Operation Desert Storm  France 18,000 Opération Daguet  Syria 14,500  Morocco 13,000 Security Personnel  Kuwait 9,900 Invasion of Kuwait Operation Desert Storm

Oman 6,300 Operation Desert Storm  Pakistan 4,900 - 5,500 Backup team  Canada 4,500 Operation FRICTION  United Arab Emirates 4,300  Qatar 2,600 Battle of Khafji  Bangladesh 2,200 (Operation Moru-prantar) Security Personnel including 2 field Ambulance teams  Italy 1,200 Deployed Panavia Tornado strike attack aircraft, Naval deployment  Australia 700 Australian contribution to the 1991 Gulf War  Netherlands Naval deployment; Air Force deployments of Surface-to-Air Missiles to Turkey and Israel  Niger 600 Patroller group  Sweden 525[2] Field hospital  Argentina 500 Navy / Air Force  Senegal Base Guards  Spain 500 on the field / 3,000 off the coast Engineers  Bahrain 400  Belgium Base Engineers  Poland 319 Operation Simoom Naval & medical deployment  South Korea 314 Medical & transportation support  Czechoslovakia 200 Operation Desert Shield Operation Desert Storm Czechoslovakia in the Gulf War  Greece Pilots  Denmark 100 HDMS Olfert Fischer (Niels Juel Class Korvet)  New Zealand 2 C-130 Hercules transporter aircraft[3]  Hungary 50  Norway Naval & medical deployment

Military assault on Iraqi forces stationed in Kuwait January 1991. By January 16, Allied aircraft were targeting several Iraqi military sites and the Iraqi Air Force was destroyed. Hostilities continued until late February and on February 25, Kuwait was officially liberated from Iraq. On 15 March 1991, the Emir of Kuwait returned to the country after spending more than 8 months in exile

The Coalition flew over 100,000 sorties, dropping 88,500 tons of bombs Definition of a bad day… being on the receiving end of one of these bad boys !!

Pushing Iraqis back into Iraq Hundreds of Iraqi troops were killed. American, British, and French forces continued to pursue retreating Iraqi forces over the border and back into Iraq, eventually moving to within 150 miles of Baghdad before - Withdrawing back to Iraq's border with Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.

Final Outcomes 100 hours after the ground campaign started, cease fire. Kuwait was liberated Saddam Hussein was left in power in Iraq