RIVER EAST COLLEGIATE 10 g First Aid

What is First Aid? The emergency help given to an injured or suddenly ill person using readily available materials.

3 Ps First Aid Objectives Preserve life Prevent the injury or illness from becoming worse Promote recovery

Who can give First Aid? Anyone can be a first aider, as long as you have the ability to stay calm and take control.

Why is First Aid Important? Recognize an Emergency Decide to act Call EMS (emergency medical service)

Principles of a Good Samaritan Act in good faith Tell the person you are a first aider Get permission (consent) from the patient or parent/guardian

Continued….. 4. Implied consent (unconscious patient gives implied consent) 5. Use reasonable skill and care 6. Stay with the person

What is medical help? Treatment giving by a doctor or someone who works under the supervision of a doctor ( EMT or nurse).

What is a casualty? A person who is injured or who becomes suddenly ill is called a casualty. Adult – 8 years of age or older Child – 1 to 8 years of age Infant – Under 1 year of age

Quiz The Good Samaritan Laws will protect you no matter what. If the person in unconscious you cannot touch him or her. First Aid is considered “medical help”, if you have taken a first aid course. An ambulance attendant gives medical help because he or she works under the supervision of a doctor. A choking person who is unable to breathe is called a casualty. The term infant describes a baby who is less than 1 year old. A very small nine year old should be treated as an adult when you give first aid. F T

Emergency Scene Management 4 Steps Scene Survey Primary Survey Secondary Survey Ongoing Casualty Care

Step 1 – Scene Survey Take charge – make sure patient doesn’t move Assess hazards – protect self, patient (wear gloves), make room for patient Identify yourself as a first aider – offer help, get consent Assess responsiveness Send for medical help – if injury is serious or casualty is unconscious

Step 1 – Scene Survey (Continued) To Determine the type of first aid treatment, the first aider needs three types of information: History Signs Symptoms

Step 2 – Primary Survey C – Circulation A – Airway B – Breathing Assessment of the casualty for life threatening conditions and giving life-saving first aid Priorities of First Aid are: C – Circulation A – Airway B – Breathing

Step 3 – Secondary Survey Establish and monitor the casualties: medical history vital signs non-life threatening injuries

Step 4 – Ongoing Casualty Care Maintain the casualty in the best possible condition until they can be handed over to medical help. C= treat for circulation (shock) A= open airway B= check breathing

Step 4 – Ongoing Casualty Care Positions for ongoing care: Head or Neck Injury – Support Neck Recovery Position Shock Position

Step 4 – Head & Neck Stabilization Kneel on the ground behind casualty. Forearms inside knees. Hands on either side of the head.

Step 4 – Recovery Position Position the arms. Near arm straight out, other arm across chest with back of hand over near cheek. Bend and grab far knee. Roll casualty towards you by pulling the far knee.

Quiz When approaching an emergency scene, the first thing you should do is take the lead and try to get someone to help. At a car crash site, you should give first aid without worrying about further dangers to yourself and the casualty. To give efficient first aid you should check how many people are hurt and how badly. Before you touch an injured person, you should introduce yourself and ask if you can help. If you think the casualty has hurt his/her neck, tell him/her not to move. Steady the neck with your hands or show a bystander how to do this. T F

Quiz – History, Sign or Symptom A casualty tells you he feels cold. There is blood soaking through the shirt on a casualty’s arm. A casualty’s skin is cold and clammy to the touch. A man tells you that he slipped on a patch of ice. A young boy says he feels sick. Symptom Sign History

Basic Injuries What are some potential safety risks in Physical Education class? Brainstorm and write them down. There are 3 main ways we try to prevent injuries in Phys. Ed. 1. Safety rules/regulations guidelines to follow in order to prevent injury when participating i.e.) _______________

2. Appropriate Clothing 3. Protective Gear clothing that allows for ease of movement, and that is weather appropriate i.e.) ______________________ 3. Protective Gear Prevention of injury i.e.) _________________________

Bleeding (Internal/External) First Aid R…….REST E…….Elevation D…….Direct Pressure

Frostbite/Hypothermia First Aid The freezing of body tissue caused by exposure to cold First Aid Soak area in warm water

Prevention of Frostbite/Hypothermia Dress in layers Cover all exposed areas of skin Always wear something on your head Warm mitts and shoes/boots Dress according to the weather and the elements (wind, rain, etc…)

Cold Water Survival & Hypothermia Realities Dr. Don Giesbrecht from the U of M “Mr. Popsicle” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wz3gy5XyaBo

Heat Exhaustion /Heat Stroke First Aid A life threatening emergency caused by prolonged exposure to high heat First Aid place person in cool environment provide water every 15min

Prevention of Heat Exhaustion/ Heat Stroke Drink plenty of liquids Water is the best Wear a hat Wear light-weight clothes and light colors Stay in shaded areas When exposed to the sun, wear minimum #15 sunscreen

Burns First Degree: top layer of skin is damaged Second Degree: Top two layers of skin are damaged Third Degree: Full thickness of skin is damaged including tissue under the skin

Burns First Aid for Burns: Cool burn right away, immerse it in cool water Remove anything that is loose or tight around the area, do not remove if it is stuck Cover with clean, lint free dressing

Bone Joint Injuries Closed Fracture: when skin is NOT broken or open Open Fracture: when skin is open and bleeding Sprain: complete, partial tearing or stretching of ligaments & tendons Dislocation: displacement of one or more bone ends at a joint

Bone Joint Injuries R………Rest I…………Ice C………..Compression First Aid for Bone & Joint Injuries R………Rest I…………Ice C………..Compression E………..Elevation

First Aid for Choking Abdominal Thrusts 1) Ask “are you choking? Can I help you? 2)Stand behind with one foot between casualty’s feet.

First Aid for Choking 3) Place fist above navel and grip with other hand. 4) Press inward and upward (J shape). 5) Repeat until obstruction is relieved.

First Aid for Choking Chest thrusts are used on pregnant, obese, and unconscious people.

First Aid for Choking If casualty becomes unconscious and 911 has been called: Look for obstruction Open airway & ventilate 30 chest compressions Look for obstruction and continue