Grand Engineering Challenge

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Presentation transcript:

Grand Engineering Challenge Clean Water

Dirty Water Kills More than 3.4 million people die every year from dirty water. 780 million people do not have access to clean water. Natural disaster relief groups provide bottled water to victims, but reaching them is difficult. http://water.org/ ⃝ http://www.nestle-waters.com/

What’s in dirty water? Heavy metals Copper Lead Bacteria and viruses Arsenic Cadmium Mercury Bacteria and viruses Ecoli Typhoid Diarrhea Malaria Parasites Worms Snails Larvae Large particulates Dirt Soil Twigs Plants

How do we make water clean? Solution Water is cleaned through many processes, the main processes include: Purification: the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from dirty water Filtration: Separates suspended particles in the dirty water

Types of filters Bio-sand water filter Gravity bio-water filter Active carbon or charcoal filter Ultraviolet sterilization Reverse osmosis Cartridge filtration Ion exchange resins Ceramic filter Combination

Brita filter Active carbon Porous material Easily bonds to most substances Very small particles Removes Organic compounds Chlorine Sediment Ion exchange resins Water softening Replaces metal ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) with soap compatible ions (Na+ and K+) Removes toxic ions Nitrates Nitrites Lead Mercury Arsenic

Bio-sand filter Five distinct zones of operation for filtering water: Inlet reservoir Standing water Biological Non-biological Gravel Purification and filtration mechanisms Mechanical trapping Predation Adsorption Natural death

Rules Filter must be built in a 2 L soda bottle. Team must buy the 2 L soda bottle. Only allowed to use the given materials. Each team is given $200. There will be 20 minutes day of contest to build your design. Do not drink the dirty water!!! Do not drink your filtered water!!!! No extra time will be sold.

200 Materials Item Price Inflated Price Leveling sand $5 $10 Quikrete $15 Pea pebbles $20 Pond pebbles $25 Charcoal $30 $35 Cotton balls $2 Macaroni Coffee filter 2 L Soda bottle