GEOGRAPHY REVIEW How the earth is represented Maps Globes How the earth is organized Directions Mathematical measurements How the earth is divided Hemispheres

Measurements Lines of latitude (parallels) Measured in degrees N&S of equator 0 to 90 Lines of longitude (meridians) Measured in degrees E&W of prime meridian 0 to 180

Map Activity Identify the countries on the map by coloring them Example 1. United States of America – Blue Then list the countries its near by. Example: 1. United States of America is near by Canada and Mexico.

Opening Activity (OA) 1 What is the role of the government? What are some of their responsibilities?

Key Terms Government the group of people who control and make decisions for a country, state a particular system used for controlling a country Political: relating to government Laws: rules made by the government of a town or country

Key Terms Monarchy (Mono – One): a country that is ruled by a King or a queen Aristocracy: Few privileged people rule the country Privileged means having special rights or advantages Oligarchy: government by the few a government in which a small group exercises control

Rise of Democracy Rise of Democratic Ideals Evolution (changed) from Monarchy and Aristocracy or Oligarchy Athens, Greece Democracy: Type of government in which people have the power Pure/Direct Democracy – every citizen participated in decision making Representative Democracy– when people choose representatives to make decisions for them Principles of Democracy Rule by law, Rule by the people, Due process (Government must respect all legal rights that are owed to a person.

Vocab Story You will come up with a story in which you will incorporate at least 7 of these terms. You will underline your terms: Political Law Government Monarchy Aristocracy Pure democracy Representative democracy Polis Athens Tyrants

OA 2 Tell me what you know about the Ancient Greeks:

OA3 1. Tell me what you know about what’s going on in the video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=piqR5EA2Z9A 1. Tell me what you know about what’s going on in the video

Rise of Democracy Polis – Greek City States Athens – City in Greece, where early democracy was formed Tyrants – rulers who seized power by force and were not subjected to the law

Golden age of Greece Reforms of Solon Council of 400 – reviewed laws before reaching the assembly Freed slaves Reforms of Cleisthenes Increased number & power of assembly (500) Direct Democracy (Male citizens over 18) Reforms of Pericles Paid salaries – allowed more citizens to get involved with the government Schools of Philosophy Socrates, Plato, Aristotle open to all male citizens with 2 years of military service

OA 4 Pg 139 What is Philosophy? Do you have any philosophy you live your life by? Ex: “You are what you eat”

Philosophy Philosophy is an organized system of thought Philo -- Love Sophia – Wisdom Philosopher was a person who loves and seeks wisdom and knowledge. In Athens, Greek philosophers spoke of nature of life, people, and government. Plato’s, The Republic How government should be organized

Analyzing, THE REPUBULIC circle or highlight words you need to define Underline main messages/facts Summarize each part of the reading below

Three Souls

OA Describe Plato’s allegory of the cave: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/plato-s-allegory-of-the-cave-alex-gendler Describe Plato’s allegory of the cave: What do you think is the meaning behind it?

Fall of Troy (Trojan Spartan War) Myths of Rome Fall of Troy (Trojan Spartan War) Romulus and Remus

Expansion of wealth and power! But the common people stayed powerless. Wars and Conquests Expansion of wealth and power! But the common people stayed powerless. This led to civil wars.

Roman Republic Monarchy was overthrown, and the citizens created a republic. I. Republic representative government Ensure not one person gained too much power II. Branches of the government: Senate and two assemblies Senate--Most powerful governing body in Rome Senators served for life and was responsible for making laws (legislation)

Roman Senate

Roman Republic Patricians the original aristocratic families of Ancient Rome Powerful elites Plebeians Commoners—farmers, merchants, artisans and traders Slaves Prisoners of war or people in debt Roman Republic

Roman Legal System Inequalities in Rome led to the creation of the 12 Tables 12 Tables—Rome’s first code of law that was written down on stone tablets. Tribunes – elected from the lower classes and who had the power to block (veto) decisions made by the assemblies.

What are some similarities?

12 Tables of Rome! First Legal code of Rome that was the foundation of Roman Republic.

OA 3 What purposes do laws serve? What kind of laws are there in today’s society?

Judeo-Christian Tradition New religions stress law and fair treatment Judaism: teachings of prophets (10 Commandments) Christianity: teachings of Jesus (morality, individualism) Islam: teachings of Mohammed (dignity; charity)

Compare and Contrast

Medieval Reforms Governments based on Absolutism also called Absolute Monarchy lasted for 1000 years Absolute Monarchy is a government in which the monarch (King or Queen) has absolute power among his or her people. He or she has unrestricted political power.

Medieval Reforms Magna Carta (1215) Nobles forced King of England to sign this document Limited the power of the king Source of rights and liberties Parliament Representative body /Legislature to check the powers of the King

Social Movements Renaissance (Rebirth) Cultural movement in Italy Modeled after Greek, Roman Art, Music, Philosophy Da Vinci, Michelangelo, etc Stressed individualism and secular (not Godly) things

Michelangelo's Pietà

Social Movements Cnt’d Reformation Religious movement led by Martin Luther, a German Monk Sought to end corruption in the Church (Roman Catholic Church Indulgences – payment to the Church in exchange for forgiveness of sin. Nailed 95 theses to church door Stood his ground at Diet of Worms Divided Church into 2 groups Catholics and Protestants

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1o8oIELbNxE