UNIT #2 – REVIEW FOLDABLES Magna Carta – English nobles forced King John to sign in 1215; LIMITED KING’S POWER; GAVE NOBLES RIGHTS THAT COULDN’T BE TAKEN AWAY English Bill of Rights – further restricted powers of king/queen, guaranteed free elections to Parliament; guaranteed civil liberties (right to fair trial & no cruel/unusual punishment) Albany Plan of Union – plan by Ben Franklin to unite the colonies for mutual protection; plan failed but, planted the seed that colonies should unite Mayflower Compact – created by the Pilgrims seeking religious freedom; established self- govt in the colonies Voltaire – (religious) TOLERANCE John Locke – humans born w/ NATURAL RIGHTS that cannot be taken; purpose of govt is protect those rights; when govt doesn’t protect these rights citizens can change/overthrow their govt. Montesquieu – to provide SEPARATION OF POWERS, govt should be divided into THREE BRANCHES (“tripartite”) w/ legislative, executive, & judicial branches Rousseau – humans have total freedom in a STATE OF NATURE, incl power to hurt each other; therefore, people enter into a SOCIAL CONTACT giving govts some power to limit freedom for protection from each other

UNIT #2 – REVIEW FOLDABLES (9) Virginia Plan v. New Jersey Plan: [competing plans at Constitutional Convention] - VA: Proportional representation in legislative branch (favored by states w/ highest population) - NJ: Equal representation in legislative branch regardless of population (favored by states w/ lowest population) (10) Slave-Trade Compromise: [came from disputes b/w Southern & Northern states at Constitutional Convention] - South: Wanted to continue importing slaves from overseas - North: Wanted to tax Southern exports such as cotton - Compromise: Ban on importing slaves after 1808, no taxes on Southern exports (11) Great Compromise: [compromise from NJ & VA plans at Constitutional Convention] - Bicamerial legislature (2 chambers: House & Senate) - House: proportional representation based on states’ populations - Senate: equal representation for states (each state has 2 senators regardless of population)

UNIT #2 – REVIEW FOLDABLES (12) Three-Fifths Compromise: [dispute b/w North & South at Constitutional Convention] - North: doesn’t want slaves counted in population of Southern states - South: wants to count slaves as part of population to get more representation in Congress - Compromise: slaves will count as 3/5ths or 60% of a person to determine populations of states for representation in Congress (13) Electoral College: [dispute b/w most- and least-populous states] - One pres. & one VP elected by a slate of electors from each state - # electors or electoral votes is the sum of each state’s senators & representatives (14) Events leading to American Revolution - Stamp Act: colonists upset w/ being taxed by Britain w/o representation in Parliament - Intolerable/Coercive Acts: British Parliament dissolved colonial assemblies & severely limited civil liberties (incl no trial by jury) - Second Continental Congress: delegates sign Declaration of Independents, officially separating the colonies from Britain

UNIT #2 – REVIEW FOLDABLES (15) Salutary neglect – b/c Britain is over 3,000 miles away from the colonies, they were often left to themselves (16) Self-Govt in the Colonies – b/c of salutary neglect, colonies were able to govern themselves & set up their own democratically-elected legislatures/assemblies