Turn around - Harbor is CLOSED! Turn around - Harbor is CLOSED!

We can’t take anymore. Should we declare war We can’t take anymore! Should we declare war? Wait, wait lets think this through

First Continental Congress Convenes

Welcome to Carpenter’s Hall! Philadelphia Welcome to Carpenter’s Hall!

They all came together except… 1774 But did they all agree?

PA GA Patrick Henry (VA) Our colonists want peace with Mother England Patrick Henry (VA) You’re crazy! Violence is inevitable and we must be prepared. PA GA

Results compromise Next meeting…1775 Declaration of Rights

Please we don’t want to fight! We just want a voice! Declaration of Rights

Declaration of Rights List of resolutions to “fix” the Intolerable Acts (this is what “we want”) Precursor to the Declaration of Independence (this is what “we demand”)

I am the KING. You are my subjects I am the KING! You are my subjects! When I want your opinion I will ask for it. # spoiledbrats As a result, the Intolerable Acts stay in effect. Resentment (of GB) and boycotting of British goods grows. Colonial leaders continue to emerge to rally and unite colonists against the British tyranny. Response to the Declaration of Rights

Huh? What are these words? What does he mean by liberty? “They tell us, Sir, that we are weak; unable to cope with so formidable an adversary. But when will we be stronger? Gentlemen may cry, Peace, Peace – but there is no peace. I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death.” Who’s “we” Why is there no peace? What does he mean by liberty?

Both sides standing firm… But in all reality, neither side (Patriot or GB) really wants to go to war Expensive Lost lives Not prepared Is it worth it? Will the alternative be better/worse?

Before we know it… http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution

WAR ERUPTS First Battles of the Revolutionary War Lexington (L) and Concord (W), MA April 1775

Lexington and Concord History Channel Video

Lexington and Concord Patriots are stockpiling weapons, stealing from British military forts British troops travel across Massachusetts to stop the patriots Paul Revere, William Dawes and Samuel Prescott (and eventually 40 other colonists join in) quickly rush to tell colonists that “the British are coming, the British are coming” Not exactly though, Revere, Dawes, Prescott and others were told to be discrete about spreading the news (as to not get caught)

Colonists take-aways Lexington and Concord British take-aways “Holy cow we can do it!”, we actually won one of these battles Reality check – “we really are unorganized and need to unite” British take-aways “Uh, oh. These colonists already gave us an early challenge – eek! We better take them a bit more seriously.” “We are better, stronger, trained, and equipped! If we bring our “A” game we will win!” April 1775 Lexington (L) Concord (W) No real military advantage gained by either side But these are the FIRST SHOTS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR

We meet again… While warfare had officially began, the Patriots gave one last ditch effort to avoid a long war

We meet again… And so the Second Continental Congress once again meets: 1775

What did they accomplish? Colonies/States set up local/state constitutions (that included how local government was to work, rights of “citizens” (similar to the Bill of Rights)) Creation of the Continental Army (FINALLY) Soldiers from all colonies formed the Continental Army Trained, organized, equipped, uniformed Named George Washington as the Commander in Chief of the Continental Army

(Last sentence of the Olive Branch Petition) We meet again… Olive Branch Petition And so the Second Continental Congress once again meets: “That your Majesty may enjoy long and prosperous reign, and that your descendants may govern your Dominions with honour to themselves and happiness to their subjects, is our sincere prayer.” (Last sentence of the Olive Branch Petition) 1775 This is our final attempt at with you, KING…

Full Fledged: Revolutionary War And so it begins… Full Fledged: Revolutionary War

But I bet you didn’t know –History Channel Video The British are coming, the British are coming! We hear stories of… Give me liberty or give me death! But I bet you didn’t know –History Channel Video

What are the basics of the Revolutionary War? History Channel video – American Revolution

American Revolutionary War War of Independence 1775–1783

Who? Patriots Great Britain And… Redcoats And … And … Continental Army Loyalists/Tories Mercenaries (Hessians) And … Continental Army Revolutionaries/Rebels And… African Americans (5,000) Women (roles?)

Where? Western Frontier Sea New England Colonies Middle Colonies Southern Colonies Western Frontier Why at seas? – Britain has a strong navy, prevent goods/resources from supplying the colonists with weapons, food and manpower Sea

Why? Inalienable rights of any person…life, liberty, property King George III Patriots Government should protect, not abuse these rights. We will not forfeit them, only fight for a government that is not tyrannical!

Outcome? 10,000 British deaths 7,500 Hessians died VICTORY! Through almost every possible suffering and discouragement for the space of nine long years, was little short of a standing miracle. 10,000 British deaths 7,500 Hessians died 25,700 American deaths 10,000 died in camp 8,500 died in British prisons 7,200 died in battle US – did not repay war debts they owed British merchants, nor return loyalists property Britain - did not return runaway slaves, did not give up military outposts such as Fort Detroit

Treaty of Paris of 1783 Outcome? The United States was independent Boundaries: Mississippi River (western), Canada (northern), Spanish Florida (southern) Each side would repay its debts The British would return any enslaved persons Congress would recommend that states return any property they had seized from Loyalists US – did not repay war debts they owed British merchants, nor return loyalists property Britain - did not return runaway slaves, did not give up military outposts such as Fort Detroit

International Support aids the continental Army Turning Point? Hudson River British were defeated at Saratoga (1777) Saratoga, NY International Support aids the continental Army British Gen. John Burgoyne travel south to capture Ft. Ticonderoga British Gen. Howe travel north on the Hudson River to meet Burgoyne To meet at Saratoga and effectively cut off New England colonies from war Burgoyne recaptures Ft. Ticonderoga but Howe travels south on the Chesapeake to capture Philadelphia (forcing delegates to leave) Burgoyne is surrounded by the Continental Army and forced to surrender

British Gen. John Burgoyne travel south to capture Ft. Ticonderoga British Gen. Howe travel north on the Hudson River to meet Burgoyne To meet at Saratoga and effectively cut off New England colonies from war Burgoyne recaptures Ft. Ticonderoga but Howe travels south on the Chesapeake to capture Philadelphia (forcing delegates to leave) Burgoyne is surrounded by the Continental Army and forced to surrender

Geographic significance of Battle of Saratoga? Why a turning point though? Why did it take so long for foreign aide (FR, SP, DU) to come help the Patriots?

Before we get to the good stuff War can wait… Before we get to the good stuff Read Franklin’s “disunited state”

How do we unite? Unify? Come together? Rally support? Example: Charities – Breast Cancer Awareness

Were most Americans in support of the war? Raising an Army PP

Join or Die Common Sense Declaration of Independence Working on unity Join or Die Common Sense Declaration of Independence

But how do you get everyone on the same page? JOIN, or DIE JOIN, or DIE Q&A – Kids Info Bits

Read Wikipedia article for worksheet answers Go over wksht Read Ben Franklin’s article Raising an army PP

1 – Peace; 2 – Early battles of Lex and Concord; 3 – Created a Continental Army; 4 – United front; 5 – Declared our freedom; 6 – its now war time! (do you think the war actually waited for the signatures of the D of I? NO!) It was happening this whole time!

T/F – The western boundary following the Revolutionary War was the Mississippi River. T/F – One of the goals for the Battle of Saratoga was in capture Philadelphia (capitol of the colonies). T/F – Join, or Die was intended to threaten the colonists into joining the war effort. T/F – The Revolutionary War was the first time colonists had ever seen the image/message of Join, or Die. What was the intended message of Join, or Die?

And now for the fighting…

It’s ShowTime!

Act out the major Revolutionary War battles

In groups we will illustrate some of the most noteworthy battles of the Rev. War

Showtime What is your job in all of this? All group members: Must take battle notes (hmwk) Must have a speaking role Must have an action role Must have a minimum of one prop throughout the skit

Showtime What should your notes entail? What were the circumstances that led up to the battle? What were the events/maneuvers of each battle? Who was there? When did it take place? Where did it take place? Who won? What was the significance of the battle?***** Goal: Depict the significance of the battle (ex. Saratoga as the turning point, Yorktown as the finale, Valley Forge as a harsh winter, etc.)

Who’s in what group? And what is my battle?

Showtime Group selection Read and take notes on the battle assigned (all group members) Reconvene – Compare notes, discuss/determine the most important and critical facts/factors

Showtime Now think about how to make those facts into a skit Determine Roles, lines, pictures, props Practice Be prepared to explain skit immediately following performance PowerPoint slide or Handout required Audience questions

It’s showtime!

Showtime Accurate battle notes Script (copies for everyone in the group – including Miss Fetters) Costumes (colors, pictures, flags, name tags) Props Background scenes End of skit – class notes (PP or handout) Practice

Timeline for Skits (2015) Pd. 2 Pd. 3,6,7 11/20 - TODAY– last day of group prep 11/23 - Perform on Monday – BH and DH 11/24 – No class 11/30 – Perform remaining battles MUST ARRIVE TO CLASS PREPARED (costumes, copies, props and all!) 11/20 – TODAY – Battle prep 11/23 – Battle prep 11/24 – Pd. 3 – Battle Prep Pd. 6 & 7 – no class 11/30 – PERFORMANCE!!!! MUST ARRIVE TO CLASS PREPARED (costumes, copies, props and all!)

Early Battles Both sides wanting to keep control of key city: Boston Both sides scrambling to be better prepared for war Gain supplies Formulate battle plans

Bunker Hill Benedict Arnold (Colonial general) returns to the base of Bunker Hill (actually Breed’s Hill) with 1,600 troops (now supplied with weapons from Ft. Ticonderoga) 2,400 Redcoats are forced to cross the harbor and fight uphill Do not fire “until you see the whites of their eyes.” – Colonial general Though the British retreat twice, Patriots run out of ammunition and are forced to retire Though the British maintain control of Boston: They suffered twice as many casualties Patriots proved they could “hold their own”

Bunker Hill Boston Dorchester Heights

Dorchester Heights Attempt to regain control of Boston Colonel Henry Knox (Continental Army) returns from Ft. Ticonderoga with heavy artillery (cannons) – traveled in depth of winter more than 300 miles General Washington sets Patriot’s w/cannons at base of Nook’s Hill British General William Howe rises in the morning starring at Patriot cannons “The Rebels have done more in one night than my whole army could do in months” British retreat to Canada

Common Sense Declaration of Independence See other PP

Trenton – see other PP

Saratoga – Help from Abroad PP

Help from abroad – see other PP

One of the worst “battlefields,” but no fighting? Valley Forge One of the worst “battlefields,” but no fighting? Liberty’s Kids – Valley Forge Video

1775-1780 New England with its scrappy and relentless fighters, proved to be tough for the British to conquer (Bunker Hill and Dorchester Heights, Massachusetts) In the Middle Colonies, the British were unable to control the countryside (lack of men) The British were only able to maintain control over the coastal regions including New York City and Philadelphia

1780-1783 British changed their strategy and decided to move the fighting to the South Capture coastal ports Loyalists would help Redcoats hold captured land Free slaves to fight for the British Fighting in the South far more brutal than in any other region Guerrilla tactics Closing years of the war (what else can I do?) Exhausted troops and supplies Retaliation Initial success throughout the south (Savannah, GA and Charles Town, SC) What happened at Yorktown?

Battle of Yorktown Read p. 136-137 (Battle of Yorktown) Complete the center square In the boxes surrounding the center square draw a series of pictures that illustrate the significant events of the Battle of Yorktown Name _____________________________ Date ___________________ Pd. _______

Yorktown Overall…war not going well for Patriots; why? Low on money Help from abroad had not brought a quick end to war British had control of a lot of Southern territory + major port cities (Philadelphia, New York) Benedict Arnold – Patriot’s gifted officer turns traitor Who: General George Washington (P) General Lafayette (F), General Rochambeau (F) vs. General Cornwallis (B) What: LAST MAJOR BATTLE OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION! Where: Yorktown, VA When: October 19, 1781 (surrender)

French Yorktown British commander Cornwallis leads 7,200 soldiers from Carolina to Yorktown, VA Gen. Lafayette given strict instructions to not allow Cornwallis to escape by land Generals Washington and Rochambeau come quickly to help trap Cornwallis The steady attacks wore down British defenses October 19, 1781 – “It’s all over” 16,000

Treaty of Paris Following colonial victory at Yorktown British has limited money to replenish military/they don’t want to put any more time/money/resources into protecting an area not wanting to remain British Britain enters into peace talks with America (truce)

Treaty of Paris Two years to hammer out the details of treaty (1781-1783) Ben Franklin a leading American delegate/negotiator Where….Paris, France

Treaty of Paris of 1783 Outcome? The United States was independent Boundaries: Mississippi River (western), Canada (northern), Spanish Florida (southern) Each side would repay its debts The British would return any enslaved persons Congress would recommend that states return any property they had seized from Loyalists US – did not repay war debts they owed British merchants, nor return loyalists property Britain - did not return runaway slaves, did not give up military outposts such as Fort Detroit

Treaty of Paris Official end to the American Revolutionary War Great Britain recognized United States independence (so did other nations) America’s right to settle and trade west of the original thirteen colonies America’s borders extend to the Mississippi River Whose land did the British just give away?

Comparison with French and Indian war changes in boundaries

Treaty of Paris Each side would repay its debts The British would return any enslaved persons Congress would recommend that states return any property they had seized from Loyalists five-member commission to negotiate a treaty–John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson (doesn’t leave US in time to be a part of the process), and Henry Laurens

Free at last! Freedom Reigns!

Redcoat/ “Lobster back”: British soldier/military Which side did I fight for? Patriot: someone who feels a strong support for his/her country Which side did I fight for?

mercenary: paid, foreign soldier; no loyalty or support for the cause (ex. Hessian) Which side did I fight for? Loyalist/Torie: colonist siding with the British Which side did I fight for?

Minutemen: local colonial militias, ready in a “minute”, informal military training Which side did we fight for?