Space Weather: From The Sun To The Earth

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Presentation transcript:

Space Weather: From The Sun To The Earth Adapted from: Philip Erickson Atmospheric Sciences Group MIT Haystack Observatory REU Program Lecture June 5, 2012

The Sun : Our Dynamic Star A Local Source of Space Weather Driven by Nuclear Fusion Variable on Many Time Scales

The Solar Cycle

March 13, 2012 1814 UTC Sunspot AR1429

Solar Flares At the Sun’s Surface Solar surface (TRACE satellite) Field lines are “painted” with plasma; Magnetohydrodynamic twisting causes severe distortions (and energy storage)

Solar Temperatures Vary At Different Atmospheric Levels

Solar Phenomena Flares Solar Wind Sunspots Granulations

The Magnetosphere Dipole Magnetic Field The Earth's Magnetic Field Interacts with the Solar Wind The Solar Wind is Deflected Around the Earth The Earth's Magnetic Field is Distorted

Plasma and Magnetic Fields Maxwell’s Laws: Charged particle must oscillate around magnetic fields (gyroresonance) Plasma: state of matter with negatively charged electrons, positively charged ions interacting by electromagnetic forces and collisions Universe is filled with plasma…

The Space Weather Environment Travel Time = 2 - 3.5 Days Bow Shock Magnetopause Solar Flare Solar Wind Direction

Sun – Earth System Overview

Auroral Activity Aurora and Airglow From STS-100 Shuttle (NRL) 28 November 2000 Nome, Alaska John Russell Aurora and Airglow From STS-100 Shuttle (NRL)

Geomagnetic Storms Atmospheric Response

Space Weather Effects Geomagnetic Storms Disrupt Technological Systems Radiation Hazards Damage to Satellites Communications Failures GPS Navigation Problems

Haystack Observatory Millstone Hill Observatory Firepond Optical Facility

Millstone Hill Observatory 150 foot steerable antenna 220 foot zenith antenna Firepond LIDAR is a laser that bounces off the lower atmosphere Millstone dishes look at upper atmosphere Zenith antenna like Aricebo in PR shown in the first Pierce Brosnan James Bond movie MENTION HERE: Notice that the Millstone dishes are a wire mesh Radio waves - like sand falling through the fingers vs. rocks Can observe during the day and in rain and snow NEXT: One aspect of the atmospheric science research

Web-Accessible Space Weather Information

www.haystack.mit.edu

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