Institute of Business Management Fahad Bin Abdullah Lecturer Department of Industrial Engineering & Management PhD Research Fellow: Department of Environment & Energy Management Institute of Business Management Renewable Energy Source in Pakistan: Multi Fold Hydropower Extraction is Imperative

But Pakistan has Energy Predicament Energy Demand: 14, 000 -16,000 MW Introduction Energy Demand: 14, 000 -16,000 MW Current Generation 8,000 -10,000 MW Energy is the key element for sustainable economic growth The worst Energy Crisis in 67 years

64 % Power is based on Thermal Generation : Failed to Meet demand ! Why Gap ? if Capacity is 22000 MW ! 64 % Power is based on Thermal Generation : Failed to Meet demand ! Why ? Two Reasons Oil Prices: Rs. 2000/Tons in 1999 to Rs 70,000/Tons in 2014. Gas Depletion: From 52 BCF to 24 BCF Reserves left in 2014 $15 Billion per Year for oil import - 2014

The Water Finding Solution..... Modern Stone Age No Electricity No Gas And Now Not Even The Water 1500 m3 in 1960 but now 600 m3 per capita. Finding Solution.....

Coal for Power Generation 186 Billion Tons Year 2018 Sahiwal Coal Plant 1200 MW Thar Coal Plant 1320 MW Larkana Coal Plant Gaddani Power Park 6600 MW Jamshoro Plant Power Capacity In 2018 : 16,564 MW

Environment: What Would Cost of Coal ? China-Shanxi Province The “City of Flowers and Fruit”- Covered with Coal Dust

If not the Coal…. Other Options Pakistan Have ?

Hydle: 42 Giga Watts, Only 6.4 GW tapped. (Strategic Importance....) ? Thermal energy (OTEC) from the sun’s heat, and Mechanical energy from its tides and waves Wind Energy : Up to 50,000 MW Solar Power: Solar radiation is 5.5 KW/m2 Hydle: 42 Giga Watts, Only 6.4 GW tapped. (Strategic Importance....)

Hydropower! Why Strategic Importance? Dams : 45,000 in the World…… Pakistan has 59,796 MW HYDRO Potential & India has 32,000 MW would take up to 100,000MW @ RS 2 PER kwh by 2030) Hydropower! Why Strategic Importance? In Pakistan :6,720 MW Only Tapped The another fact is… Water is for Energy & Energy is for Water….

Why Dams ? ………..Flood History : Damages $19 Billion can be avoided or Minimized….. Dam Provides the Shield Against the Impact of Natural Calamites Like Drought & Flood

Why Dams? The Cheapest Source of Electricity Source: The Dawn News: Article: Why Pakistan's power woes will get worse by ABBAS HASAN — PUBLISHED MAR 23, 2015 08:05PM

Why Dams? Higher Efficiency than Thermal Plants 90 % and has low maintenance and Operational Cost

Dam! An Environment Friendly Option Too… Fuel Type Co2 Emissions per kWh Coal 900 gm Natural Gas 400 gm Nuclear 21 gm Wind 48 gm Solar 280 gm Hydropower 236 gm

It is Domestic Source! No Fluctuation Over Fuel prices and Availability Resource Fuel Cost Hydropower NO Natural Gas YES Nuclear Coal Yes

Trans- Boundaries Politics No Dispute ! Pakistan and India : Conflict on Storage and Stealing Water No Accusation Issues……………

Hydropower projects should be given top priority Because……. Conclusion Hydropower projects should be given top priority Because……. It will Ensure the Water Availability for Irrigation & Drinking It is Environment Friendly It would help to keep the Cost of Flood and Drought Minimized !

Thanks A Lot