Sport and Mass Participation Function of UK Sport and Sport England

More People, More Places, More Medals More people involved in sport More places to play sport More medals through higher standards of performance in sport

More People Sport England’s challenge is to ensure that more people of all ages, abilities and backgrounds are encouraged and supported to play an active role in sport; Whether as a coach in the community, a teacher at school, an official for an event or perhaps most important, a participant. Using main principles of inclusion and fairness.

More People Active schools – young people in PE and sport Active Sports – widening access to organised sport Active communities – increase and sustain lifelong participation in sport, at local level for all the community

More Places If sport is to develop, the provision of convenient, affordable and high quality facilities is essential Sport England’s challenge is to ensure that there are good quality venues to enable everyone to participate locally in the sport of their choice.

More Medals By fostering world class performers today – through our support programmes and investment – Sport England is helping to ensure the next generation has the motivation it needs for success. Sport England promotes the development fo excellence through its World Class Programmes World class athletes have a high training environment through the English Institute of Sport (EIS)

The More Medals programme has a number of key components, and one of these is England's network of Sports Institutes which is nationally coordinated through the United Kingdom Sports Institute (UKSI) all of which is fully integrated with the World Class Performance Programme.

The concept Everyone should have the chance to take part in sport As regularly as they wish and at whatever level they choose Irrespective of: where they live; the school they attend; their ability; age; wealth; gender; race; or religion.

Factors that affect participation Social class Gender Race/religion Age Ability / disability Stereotypes Friends and Family Where you live The government Your school

Equal Opportunities Although numbers of participants in England are rising, this is less so with some disadvantaged and social groups in some parts of the country.

OPPORTUNITY PROVISION ESTEEM Relate the following headings to a minority group: Women, Young, Elderly, Ethnic Minority, Disabled For each of these factors, consider the impact each has Upon: OPPORTUNITY having the chance to participate PROVISION having the equipment and facilities to participate ESTEEM having the confidence and self belief to participate

Task Highlight 2/3 key points from each column to report back to the class – what factors affect participation in sport? Identify possible measures to increase participation in this group.

OPPORTUNITY Limited by traditions, culture, prejudice Lack of role models / lack of media Rules / regulations Health reasons / physiological Gender, less free time (caring roles) Class constraints Financial constraints Time constraints

PROVISION Limited access to buildings / lack of ramps Distance / lack of transport Lack of facilities / changing areas Too expensive / exclusive Inadequate space for demand

ESTEEM Lack of self confidence Face criticism / ridicule Resistance by others to include you Lack of role models to inspire

How to reduce discrimination Target different groups / minority only sessions Low cost activities / improve access / crèche Campaigns / advertising Raise esteem through role models Positive media influence

Women’s sport and the media Women receive less than 5% of men’s coverage in national newspapers. Unless minorities receive media exposure in the first place, opportunities will be lost. The cycle of success creating more sponsorship and therefore more money also helps to constrain the minorities.

Women’s sport and funding The Women’s British Open golf championship has a prize money fund that is 10% that of their male counterparts. Is this discrimination?

Other factors in Women’s sport Do parents offer same support to girls as they do boys? Is the image of girls PE right? Are there the same opportunities in the community for girls?

Racial discrimination in UK Sport Huge problems throughout football during the 1970’s and 1980’s. John Barnes infamously had bananas thrown at him during matches in the 1980’s. Very few black role models until the 1990’s. Paul Ince became England’s first black captain in 1993.

Kick it out campaign Set up by the PFA with the Commission for Racial Equality as “Kick Racism out of Football in 1993”. It now operates independently as “Kick it out” www.kickitout.org

How can we… …solve the problem of racial discrimination in sport? Challenge stereotypes Education/race awareness training Sanctions Increase opportunities Increase provision of facilities Increase number of ethnic leaders in sport Improve skill levels of ethnic minorities

Age - issues Younger people There is a significant post-school drop in participation levels. Older people Tradition of low involvement in sport. Sport has a young image.

Why do school leavers drop out of sport? A bad school experience. Peer pressure. Other distractions or pressures on their time. Inadequate choice at local level.

What could be done to increase regular participation by older people? Reduce entrance fees Provide adequate public transport. Provide suitable activities and choices Provide positive role models who show that physical activity is for everyone. Train instructors and coaches in the specific needs of older people. Encourage more leaders and coaches in the older age range.

Ability and disability 6 million people in Britain have some form of sensory, physical or mental impairment. ¾ of disabled adults rely on state benefits as their main source of income. Traditional view was that disabled people were dependent and therefore could not participate in sport.

A shift in attitude Instead of segregated provision the idea is to now adapt sports and facilities so that disabled people can be included. We still however see parallel events such as the Olympics being run at different times which reduces potential exposure and awareness

Encouragement of inclusive rather than exclusive provision. How to overcome the problems of discrimination faced by people with disabilities. Opportunity Ensure equality of access to facilities, competitions, training and coaching at all levels. Encouragement of inclusive rather than exclusive provision. Campaigning.

Integration at club level. Provide specialist training for coaches. How to overcome the problems of discrimination faced by people with disabilities. Provision Integration at club level. Provide specialist training for coaches. Attain adequate provision of transport and facilities at local level. Encourage more coaches with disabilities.

Promote positive images of disabled sports performers. How to overcome the problems of discrimination faced by people with disabilities. Esteem Promote positive images of disabled sports performers. Acknowledge abilities of disabled performers in modified sports. Recognise outstanding sporting achievement, e.g. by paralympians, which will lead to an increased number of positive role models.

Explain factors that might affect participation in regular sport or physical recreation in the UK