PREHISTORIC BRITAIN THE IBERIANS Stonhenge 700 BC THE CELTS 55 BC THE ROMANS first invasion 43 BC first settlement 410 BC withdrawl

THE ANGLO SAXON 410 AD The Romans left The Celts alone asked Germanic Anglo-Saxon mercenaries for help 455 AD invaded England

Where did the Anglo-Saxons come from? The Anglo-Saxons left their homelands in - northern Germany - Denmark - The Netherlands and rowed across the North Sea in wooden boats to Britain.

Who were the Anglo-Saxons? Mixture of Germanic tribes - the ANGLES - the SAXONS - the JUTES divided the country in 7 Kingdoms

The Anglo-Saxons were warrior-farmers loved fighting and were very fierce. tall, fair-haired men, armed with swords and spears and round shields.

small villages Anglo-Saxons houses were huts made of wood with roofs thatched with straw The biggest house in an Anglo Saxon village was the Hall, the Chief's house. He lived there with his warriors.

OLD ENGLISH Union of the Anglo-Saxons languages They were illiterate runic alphabet

OLD ENGLISH / GERMAN ORIGINS The first Anglo Saxon Villages named after the Chieftain (Leader of the village). These places often have the letters 'ing' of 'folk' somewhere in their name, often at the end. The first part of the name was most likely to have been the name of the local chieftain. The people who lived in the 'village' of Hastings were 'Haesta's people'. Haesta was the chieftain. The people who lived in the 'village' of Reading were 'Redda's people'. Redda was the chieftain .

OLD ENGLISH Influenced by Latin AD 600 Christianization - people baptised - churches built

THE VIKINGS AD 800 The Vikings came from Scandinavia - Denmark - Norway - Sweden

Sailors and raiders, the Vikings came across the North Sea farmers, fishermen, trappers and traders. Viking craftsmen made beautiful objects out of wood, metal and bone; Viking women were skilful weavers, produced fine, warm textiles.

eg. Derby, Rugby, Whitby, Selby, Grimsby King Alfred, Saxon king of Wessex, fought them in a great battle, but he could not drive them right away and had to let them have part of the country, called Danelaw. Place names ending in –by– by meant farm or homestead (village). These places mark the earliest Viking settlements. Derby - A village where deer are found

Aglo- Saxon prose and poetry Written tradition Christian Scribes Foundations of literature Oral tradition Scops and Bards Historical memory created by repetition

Anglo Saxson Poetry / 4 Manuscripts Beowulf Manuscript Junius Manuscript The Exeter Book Vercelli Book Categories - pagan - Christian Language - Latin - Old English

PAGAN POETRY EPIC ELEGY Reminds of pre-Christian oral tradition as for - metre - themes Theme loss - of a lord - of a friendship - of a beloved one First person narrative Melanchonic and elegiac tone - - mith / heroes - struggle against evil -dignity of sacrifice

Formal Elements KENNING CAESURA ALLITERATION Cutting edge /sword Pause in a line of poetry Repetition of consonants sounds