LATITUDE & LONGITUDE

LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE: HOW THE LINES RUN

LATITUDE LINES RUN EAST/WEST BUT THEY MEASURE NORTH OR SOUTH OF THE EQUATOR (0°) SPLITTING THE EARTH INTO THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE AND SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE.

LATITUDE 90 80 70 Lines of latitude are numbered from 0° at the equator to 90° N (North Pole) and to 90° S (South Pole) 60 50 40 30 20 10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

It is neither north nor south. 40° N is the 40° line of latitude north of the equator as indicated by the “N” 40° S is the 40° line of latitude south of the equator, as indicated by the “S” The equator is at 0° latitude. It is neither north nor south. LATITUDE

LINES OF LONGITUDE BEGIN AT THE PRIME MERIDIAN, AND RUN NORTH-SOUTH 60° W is the 60° line of longitude west of the Prime Meridian. The Prime Meridian is located at 0°. It is neither east, nor west 60° E is the 60° line of longitude east of the Prime Meridian. W E

LONGITUDE 180° (Date Line) N North Pole West Longitudes East Longitudes S Prime Meridian

PRIME MERIDIAN THE PRIME MERIDIAN (0°) SPLITS THE EARTH INTO THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE AND EASTERN HEMISPHERE. Western Hemisphere Eastern Hemisphere Places located east of the Prime Meridian have an east longitude (E). Places located west of the Prime Meridian have a west longitude (W).

Does the prime meridian go all the way around our planet? The Prime Meridian goes half way around the Earth, from the North to the South Pole, through Greenwich, England On the other side of the Earth, the International Date Line forms the line opposite of the Prime Meridian

INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE - 180° THE DATE LINE SEPARATES 2 CALENDAR DAYS. If you are traveling from: America to Asia – gain a day as you cross the Date Line Asia to America – lose a day as For example, when it is 9:00 PM on Tuesday in Meridian Idaho, it is 3:00 PM on Wednesday In Nadi, Fiji. If you stay in one place, a day lasts 24 hours. However, if you travel the opposite direction of the rotation of the Earth, your day will be slightly longer than 24 hours, because you are traveling ahead of the setting sun. If you travel with the rotation of the Earth, your day will be slightly shorter than 24 hours, because you are traveling into the sunset. At any one moment there are actually two days on the Earth at the same time. A new day begins at mid-night on the International Dateline. It travels around the Earth, until 48 hours later it ends back at the International dateline. If you were to travel across the International Dateline, the date would change either forward, or backward. This line actually lies in the middle of a time zone. This means that the hour on the clock would not change, as you crossed over, just the date.

By combining latitude and longitude, any location can be pinpointed

NEVER write coordinates like this: A LOCATION’S COORDINATES (____° N OR S, ____ ° E OR W) N/S always comes first, E/W always second NEVER write coordinates like this: 80°E, 34°S Or 70°W, 21°N NO. JUST NO. IT’S WRONG WRONG WRONG! Questions: 1. Is the 42 N a latitude, or longitude line? What would that make the 83 W, latitude or longitude?

Hemispheres N W E S NW NE SW SE North America is in the Northern Hemisphere because it is north of the Equator. North America is in the Western Hemisphere because it is west of the Prime Meridian.

LONGITUDE AND TIME The world rotates (spins on its axis) 360° in 24 hours. 360° / 24 hours = 15° per hour The world has 24 time zones, and each of them is l5° apart. THERE IS A 1 HOUR TIME DIFFERENCE FOR EVERY 15° OF LONGITUDE

How is it measured in time? 1 degree = 60 minutes 1 minute is 1/60th of a degree What? That's confusing...

Greenwich, England is the logical starting point for time zones The world rotates west to east (counterclockwise), meaning time zones to the east are ahead of the those time zones to the west W (Counterclockwise) E

Time is further ahead/later in the day in all places to the east HOW TO REMEMBER THIS?? EAST INCREASE Time is further ahead/later in the day in all places to the east WEST LESS Time is further behind/earlier in the day in all places to the west

This picture shows American cities at night. Earth rotates west to east Solar time is based on the position of the sun Look at the East Coast of the United States. The lights are already lit. California the sun is still visible. This picture shows American cities at night.

LATITUDE LONGITUDE CITY 84°W 2. 26°N 80°W 3. 41°N Pittsburgh 4. 36°N Tulsa 5. 122°W San Jose 6. 33°N 112°W 7. 90°W St. Louis 8. 108°W Billings 9. 43°N 88°W 10. 42°N Des Moines 11. 43°N 74°W 12. 45°N 93°W 13. 33°N Dallas 14. Houston, Texas 15. 43°N 116°W Open your atlas to page (map of USA). Using the latitude and longitude, or name of the city shown here, fill in the rest of the table on a page in your comp book. Let’s do the first one together. Everyone find 34°N. Now lets find 84°W. What city is at that location?

Miami OR Ft. Lauderdale/Hialeah 3. 41°N Pittsburgh 4. 36°N 96°W Tulsa LATITUDE LONGITUDE CITY 1. 34°N 84°W Atlanta 2. 26°N 80°W Miami OR Ft. Lauderdale/Hialeah 3. 41°N Pittsburgh 4. 36°N 96°W Tulsa 5. 37°N 122°W San Jose 6. 33°N 112°W Phoenix 7. 38°N 90°W St. Louis 8. 46°N 108°W Billings 9. 43°N 88°W Milwaukee 10. 42°N 94°W Des Moines 11. 43°N 74°W Albany 12. 45°N 93°W Minneapolis OR St. Paul 13. 33°N 97°W Dallas 14. 30°N 95°W Houston, Texas 15. 43°N 116°W Boise Open your atlas to page (map of USA). Using the latitude and longitude, or name of the city shown here, fill in the rest of the table on a page in your comp book. Let’s do the first one together. Everyone find 34°N. Now lets find 84°W. What city is at that location?