The Second Half of the Civil War PresentationExpress

Warmup On scrap of paper… Student’s Choice Award! Upholds class policy Respected by everyone Has good character On warm-up sheet… Is killing civilians a legitimate war strategy? Why or why not?

Warm up Read the first two sentences of Abraham Lincoln’s famous Gettysburg Address and then summarize them in your own words. “Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure.”

Gettysburg Lee headed into S. Pennsylvania, learning of a supply of shoes in the town of Gettysburg and went to investigate. On July 1st 1863, he ran into Union troops and the Battle of Gettysburg had begun. On the 3rd day of fighting, Lee ordered General Pickett to make a direct attack on the middle line of the Union. (Pickett’s Charge) It was a deadly mistake. 13,000 Confederate troops charged and were torn to pieces.

Pickett’s Charge Video Clips Pickett’s Charge- The Plan Pickett’s Charge- Union Victory!

The South loses at Gettysburg Lee retreated to Virginia. The Union lost 23,000 men but the Confederates lost 28,000. It was the turning point of the Civil War- the Union won, the Confederacy never again went north. Lincoln giving the Gettysburg Address

Vicksburg The South’s devastating defeat at Gettysburg was made worse the next day. On July 4th, 1863, Grant successfully captured Vicksburg, MS This gave the Union complete control of the Mississippi River. Cut off Texas, Louisiana & Arkansas from the rest of the Confederacy No more hope of foreign help for the Confederacy from England or France.

Vicksburg Vicksburg Video Clip Ken Burns- Vicksburg Video Clip

“War is All Hell” March 1864, Lincoln removed Grant from command out West and placed him in overall command of all Union forces. William T. Sherman replaces Grant. Summer of 1864, Sherman headed out of Tennessee towards Georgia. His target was the key rail and economic center of the South, Atlanta Sherman’s strategy to help win the war “Total War”- make sure that the South was unable and unwilling to fight by destroying everything in his path. (civilian & military)

Quick Study: Goals of Total War

Lee retreats While Sherman headed into Georgia, Grant pursued Lee into Virginia. All spring and summer, Grant pushed Lee south, towards Richmond. Lee, heavily outnumbered, continued to retreat, trying to avoid major engagements that might lose the war. Grant would maintain pressure on Lee, always attacking. Union casualties were very high, but Grant had more men to lose than Lee. Key battles: The Wilderness & Cold Harbor

The Election of 1864 As the election of 1864 approached, Lincoln was losing to a Democratic challenger that is familiar to us named George McClellan who promised to end the war quickly. Lincoln was losing in the polls because the war was not going well. Northerners were getting tired of the prolonged war. Lincoln’s chances improved when Sherman finally captured Atlanta Lincoln got 55% of the popular vote (North only).

Last Southern effort in the West Out west, the Confederates tried one last time to turn the tide. The Army of Tennessee (Confederate), led by John B. Hood invaded Tennessee with the goal of distracting Sherman. At the key battle of Franklin a costly frontal assault led to defeat for Hood. Then his forces were soundly defeated at the battle of Nashville.

The March to the Sea Sherman left Atlanta and headed for the Atlantic port of Savannah, GA. He continued his campaign of total war, ravaging a 50-mile wide swath of land in his famous “March to the Sea.”

Reading Skill: Summarize NOTE TAKING

Appomattox Court House At the same time, Lee and Grant had stopped moving and settled into a siege that would last 9 months around Richmond. Lee’s forces were stretched too thin. He tried to lead his army west then south to link up with Joe Johnston’s Army in North Carolina. He never made it and was forced to surrender on April 9th, 1865 at Appomattox Court House, VA.

The South Surrenders April, 1865 was a momentous month for our Nation. Lincoln attempted to create a plan that would promote reconciliation between the North and South However, a rather famous actor decided that “the South shall rise again!” He began to formulate a plan to ensure that the South would still win…

Note Taking: Reading Skill: Recognize Sequence