Pre-deployment differences in glucocorticoid sensitivity of leukocytes in soldiers developing symptoms of PTSD, depression or fatigue persist after return.

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Pre-deployment differences in glucocorticoid sensitivity of leukocytes in soldiers developing symptoms of PTSD, depression or fatigue persist after return from military deployment Mirjam van Zuiden, Annemieke Kavelaars, Eric Vermetten, Miranda Olff, Elbert Geuze, Cobi Heijnen Psychoneuroendocrinology Volume 51, Pages 513-524 (January 2015) DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.09.014 Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Dexamethasone (DEX) sensitivity of T-cell proliferation of participants with high levels of depressive symptoms (▴), participants with high levels of PTSD symptoms (■) and participants with low PTSD and depressive symptom levels (●) six months after deployment. (A) Area under the curve for relative inhibition of T-cell proliferation by 0–1000nM DEX; (B) IC50 for inhibition of T-cell proliferation by 0–1000nM DEX. Means and SEMs are presented. T0=pre-deployment, T1=1 month post-deployment, T6=6 months post-deployment. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015 51, 513-524DOI: (10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.09.014) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Dexamethasone (DEX) sensitivity of TNF-α production of participants with high levels of fatigue (■) and participants with low levels of fatigue (●) six months after deployment. (A) Area under the curve for relative inhibition of TNF-α production by 0–1000nM DEX; (B) IC50 for inhibition of TNF-α production by 0–1000nM DEX. Means and SEMs are presented. T0=pre-deployment, T1=1 month post-deployment, T6=6 months post-deployment. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015 51, 513-524DOI: (10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.09.014) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Supplementary Fig. 1 Dose–response curve for relative inhibition of T-cell proliferation by 0–1000nM dexamethasone of participants with high levels of depressive symptoms (▴), participants with high levels of PTSD symptoms (■) and participants with low PTSD and depressive symptom levels (●) six months after deployment. Means and SEMs are presented. T0=pre-deployment, T1=1 month post-deployment, T6=6 months post-deployment. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015 51, 513-524DOI: (10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.09.014) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Supplementary Fig. 2 Dose–response curve for relative inhibition of TNF-α production by 0–1000nM dexamethasone of participants with high levels of fatigue symptoms (■) and participants with low levels of fatigue (●) six months after deployment. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015 51, 513-524DOI: (10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.09.014) Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions