Manifest Destiny and the Antebellum Period Dominating the Land and the Slaves

The West and Beyond The West The area between the Appalachians and the Mississippi Everything else was perceived as desolate country until the 1840s

The Far West Transcontinental Treaty of 1819 The U.S. gave up its claims to Texas west of the Sabine River Treaty left Spain in control of most of the modern day West. The U.S. is okay with this because most of this territory is seen as remote unreliable land.

Far Western Trade Trade between Bostonians and Mexicans in California An exchange of spices and coffee for beef hides and tallow Bostonians take more than 6 million hides of cattle out of California. Cattle hides become a form of money.

Manifest Destiny Right to extend from sea to shining sea Term created by John O’ Sullivan of New York Provided ideology for conquering the West.

Annexation of Texas Texans win the Texas Revolution Santa Anna defeated at the Battle of San Jacinto Election of 1844 Henry Clay—Whig Martin Van Buren James Polk James Birney Joint Resolution to annex Texas signed in March 1845 Texas officially annexed December 1845

Moving to Texas Mexican Independence from Spain—1821 Desolate and dangerous frontier in Texas Empresarios—promote American settlement in Texas Uneasiness over slavery and immigration Instability of the Mexican government General Santa Anna the dictator

The Mexican War—Causes Examined Annexation of Texas Texas still considered part of Mexico Polk and California Polk was surely a Manifest Destiny President Boundary dispute in Texas Rio Grande or the Nueces?

Preparing for Battle U.S. soldiers total 7,000 at beginning of war. Increases to 78,000 by end of war. Mexican army has 32,000 soldiers Mexican army lacked discipline and equipment Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott Political ambitions

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Mexico gave up all claims to Texas The U.S. acquired New Mexico, Arizona, and California for $15 million. This acquisition would lead to major arguments over slavery Senate ratified treaty in 1848.

Slavery System All of the important issues in the Civil War flow out of slavery and the slave system. Four million slaves in U.S. in 1860 Slavery and slave system was essential to southern way of life.

Three Facts on the Origins of the Civil War Dispute was over the expansion of slavery Especially in the new territory American political system could not settle the problem Too big Could not be resolved peacefully South and North had distorted view of each other South believed all northerners were abolitionists North believed that all southerners were slave owners