Lesson: Causes for Conflict Learning objectives: *Identify events that led to initial conflict between Britain and the colonies *Evaluate impact of the French & Indian War and Proclamation of 1763 Essential Questions: *What was the French & Indian War and how did it impact the colonies? *What were the terms of the Proclamation of 1763 and how did the colonists react to them?

French and Indian War

Background – Rivalry between the French & British France and Britain had fought THREE times between 1689 to 1748. Both the French and the British began exploring North America – both interested in the Ohio River valley Native American Alliances were formed: French - Huron and Algonquin British - Iroquois

Conflict over the Ohio River Valley Land was rich in resources French had thriving fur trade w/ Native Americans in the region British fur traders moved into the Ohio River Valley in the 1750s French & Indians alarmed so they destroy Pickawillany Post Virginia Company is angered so they send a small group of farmers to tell the French to leave.

Young Major Washington Ordered to defend Fort Duquesne (doo-KAYN) But is not ready and loses the fort to the French in April of 1754 Flees with troops and creates a makeshift fort – Fort Necessity.

Fort Necessity Fort Necessity (makeshift fort) is attacked by the French on July 3, 1754 George Washington is forced to surrender to the French. The first shot of the War – The French & Indian War has begun. Is it the French fighting the Indians? Why is it called the French & Indian War?

Franklin comes up with a plan…

Franklin’s Idea Unite the colonies to fight the French ALBANY PLAN OF UNION – calls for a united colonial government. Each colony would have to give up some of its powers. Does not happen – None of the colonial leaders are willing to do so.

Early Years of the War The French and Indian Allies winning Britain is unorganized and unprepared. July 1755 Braddock – British leader, is defeated by the French.

Battle of Quebec September of 1759 Surprise attack Climbed cliffs at night (300 feet above St. Lawrence River) Wolfe and 4,000 men overwhelmed the French guards Quebec (FRENCH) surrenders to the British TURNING POINT OF THE WAR

September, 1759 – Surprise attack on Quebec!

Treaty of Paris 1763 The fall of Quebec and then Montreal next year marks the defeat of France Ends French power in North America Britain gains: All of Canada and French lands east of Mississippi Spain Gives Florida to the British Gets all French lands west of Mississippi Most important of these lands are New Orleans.

New British Policies French defeat is a blow to Native Americans. Lost French allies & trading partners British raised prices of goods, refused to pay for use of their land and began settling on their lands

Pontiac’s Rebellion British took forts, and refused to give supplies to the Native Americans Native Americans saw settlers as a threat to their way of life Native Americans. Led by Chief Pontiac, respond by attacking settlers & destroying everything west of the Appalachians Mountains July, 1766 – Pontiac agreed to peace with the British

Proclamation of 1763 British response to Pontiac’s rebellion Stated that no colonist could settle WEST of the Appalachians Mountains It was meant to support Native American Allies and protect colonists claims already made Although later, Britain would turn against the Native Americans

Proclamation of 1763 -

Causes for Conflict between Britain & the colonists… Colonists believed proclamation limited their freedom of movement Caused distrust between Britain and American colonies Government made plans to tax colonies & tighten trade rules to help finance the costs of the French & Indian War

Left-side Reflection: Create a map that shows the boundary lines for Spain, Native Americans, and the colonies. Indicate the Proclamation Line of 1763 Write a 2 – 3 sentence summary answering the essential questions