Multi-Hazard Environment An approach that considers more than one hazard in a given place (ideally progressing to consider all known hazards) and the interrelations between these hazards, including their simultaneous or cumulative occurrence and their potential interactions

Some places are more at risk than other!

Top 3/Bottom 3? (Risk %) Vanuatu (36.43), Tonga ( 28.23) and Philippines (27.52) Qatar (0.1), Malta (0.61) and Barbados (1.16) Complete the graph exercise

Philippines – Which hazard? Which type of hazard is depicted in each image? What evidence supports your answer?

Philippines – Which hazard? Landslide Volcano Earthquake Typhoon Drought Storm Surge Which type of hazard is depicted in each image? What evidence supports your answer?

Why the Philippines? What is it about the location of the Philippines that makes it so vulnerable to a range of natural hazards?

Latitude 12.8797° N Between 5°- 20° N or S of the equator Sea temperature of 27°

7641 Islands

Plate Tectonics

Typhoon Pathways 1989 only

Storm Surge

Volcanoes

Earthquakes

Tsunami Its not just the local plate boundary that poses a risk

Drought Associated with El Nino

Flooding

Which was worse? Mt Pinatubo – Volcano Typhoon Haiyan – Tropical Storm Moro Gulf – Earthquake 2016 – Drought https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzo5hOE_eHM

Report Describe and assess the nature of the hazards Assess and explain the social, economic and environmental risks presented by the hazards Include ……. - Regional differences - Differences over time - Comparisons between different types of hazard - How hazards are interlinked

Explain how local populations remain able to live in the environment due to their: Human qualities Responses – resilience, adaptation, mitigation and management.

Changes Urbanisation Population expansion Climate Change Deforestation http://www.dw.com/en/philippines-a-country-prone-to-natural-disasters/a-17217404

Explain how local populations remain able to live in the environment due to their: Human qualities Responses – resilience, adaptation, mitigation and management.

Resilience Used to such events No choice (can’t move) By simply being resilient and not preparing, adapting and managing better, the end result is that resilience may be limited or tested http://www.dw.com/en/natural-disasters-threaten-philippine-growth/a-17219526

Fatalism? 86% Catholic (Over 90% are Christian) God’s will Prayer to overcome hardship History of living with the inevitable Philippine culture often involves making fun of misfortune as a way of deflecting the pain Does this makes them resilient or ignorant?

Adaptation Rather than wait for emergency services to arrive, local areas and even families take the first response role following a disaster. As coordinated response to major disasters has been weak in the past, these groups have played a significant role in filtering immediate aid to affected populations. Faith groups often have the facilities and networks to distribute aid in a timely manner. Interviews also cited that although these groups have been quick on first response relief efforts in the past, they lack the technical capacity and knowledge of DRR to engage in activities beyond first response.

Mitigation Identification or construction of safe shelters (religious buildings and monuments in communities often can serve this purpose) Tree plantation around the village to reduce impact of wind Mangrove planting in waterfront and rivers Community education for storm resistant housing Ensuring residential areas are situated a safe distance from the water front

Community cyclone awareness trainings Volunteers should be trained on disaster management Investing on flood forecasting and warning systems Supporting research that identifies climate change influences on flooding and appropriate responses. Improving watershed drainage systems and management Strengthening infrastructure in rural and mountainous areas Building the capacity of landslide warning systems

Management Response hierarchy – Disaster Coordinating Council

Law = 70% of money spent in managing a disaster must be spent on long term plans Discuss this idea