Key Terms Map extent North arrow Scale bar Legend

Review Questions 1. A scale bar changes as you zoom in/out of a data frame. True/false? 2. If you adjust a scale bar by width, you cannot widen it by dragging it; its width changes only with the display scale. True/false?

Review Questions 3. All standard map elements are dynamically associated with the data frame that is active when they are inserted. True/false? 4. A legend is updated when layers in the data frame are deleted or resymbolized. True/false?

Lect 8A GIS Coordinates and Projection Geographic Coordinate System (GCS)– Spherical Coordinates Angles of rotation of a radius anchored at Earth’s center Latitude and longitude: define location on the curved surface of the earth Used by US Census, other world and federal agencies

Latitude and Longitude longitude (prime meridian) latitude (equator)

GIS Coordinates Coordinates 40 -80

GCS example (census tracts)

Rectangular/Projected Coordinates Map projection is used to represent the earth on a flat surface. Projected coordinate system: defines location on a flat map based on x, y coordinates Not all data will be or must be projected, but it must have a geographic coordinate system.

Four Types of Projection: SADD Transformation of the earth’s surface to a flat surface is inherently not perfect and causes distortion to shape, size, distance and direction Conformal projection: preserve shape (S) Equal area projection: preserve area (A) Equidistant projection: preserve distance (D) Azimuthal projection: preserve direction (D)

Rectangular/Projected Coordinates UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) US military State Plane Local US governments

Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Developed by US Army Corps of Engineers (1940s) Covers world, 80°S to 80°N Metric coordinates 60 tuned Transverse Mercator projections for longitude zones, 6° wide

State Plane Coordinates (SPC) Established by the US Coast and Geodetic Survey in the 1930s All positive coordinates in feet or meters Used by local US governments Originally North American Datum (NAD 1927) More recently NAD 1983 and 1983 HARN (High Accuracy Reference Network)

State Plane Zones 125 zones Each zone has its own tuned projection At least one for each state Cannot join zones to make larger regions Follow state and county boundaries Each zone has its own tuned projection Lambert conformal projection for zones with eastwest orientation Transverse Mercator projection for zones with northsouth orientation

State Plane Zones

State Plane Coordinates Example State plane NAD 1983, Pennsylvania South, Feet

Lect 8B Querying Data Selecting and finding features Using attribute queries Creating reports

Five Types of Data Query Use Identify tool Select feature interactively Select feature by attribute table: SQL query Find feature Select feature by location

Ex 15a Selecting and Finding Features HTML Pop-up List by Selection Adjust selection tolerance Hyperlink Display

Ex 15b Using Attribute Queries SQL Query expression: attribute + operator + value Verify expression: identify incorrect syntax Export data

Ex 15c Creating Reports Report Wizard Select report fields Select style Edit report

Lab Assignment 6-- Creating Reports Complete Ex 15c Create a report as shown on Page 537 Send the report to the instructor