Earth Science Regents Review Unit 1

latitude longitude _________________ __________________ Parallel lines Run east to west Measures distances north or south Reference line is the equator A.k.a. parallels 0-90o __________________ Lines that meet at the poles Run north to south Measures distances east or west Reference line is the prime meridian A.k.a. meridians 0-180o

3) What is the North Star? How is it used in navigation? The altitude of Polaris is equal to the latitude.                                                                                          

What is the international date line? It is the 180 degree line of longitude that separates the eastern and western hemispheres. Why do you think the line is shaped like this?

Summary: What is the latitude for these locations? 66.5oN 42oN

Aim: How do we break down degrees into minutes?

12:00 1:00 12:30 What time is it? What time is it? What time is it in between?

Aim: How do we break down degrees into minutes? ’ 42o30’ 42o15’ 42o00’ Montauk

40o41’48”N 73o43’05”W

1) How fast does the earth spin? The earth does one 360 degree spin every 24 hours so: 360 degrees/ 24 hours= 15 degrees/hour

3) What is Greenwich Mean Time? This is the time on the prime meridian where all of the world sets its time

Why is California three hours behind us? West East

rotates from west to east so the sun hits the east first 4) If you are west of the Prime Meridian your time is ____________, but if you are east then your time is ______________ because________ _______________________________ ___________________________. earlier Earth later rotates from west to east so the sun hits the east first

5) How do we find longitude using difference in time? Step 1: Find the difference in time in hours Step 2: Multiply by 15 Step 3: Local time is earlier=West Local time is later=East

1) Using the review books define the following: Contour map (same as topographic map) Contour line Gradient Contour interval Profile Map that shows the shape of an area Lines connecting points of equal elevation Change in elevation over a distance Difference in elevation between two contour lines Shows the changes in elevation from a side view

2) What happens to elevation inside of a contour line? The elevation increases inside of the line. 60 80

3) How do you find the contour interval? Subtract two contour index lines and divide by the number of hops. 70 ft – 10 ft __________ 4 hops 40 25 15 ft 55 80 100 ft

4) When drawing contour lines what two things must they either do? Connect into a circle Touch the edge of the map

5) How do you figure out the highest possible elevation on a topographic map? Figure out the value of the next line then subtract 1. 59 ft 79 ft

6) How do you figure out the lowest possible elevation between two contour lines? Look at the lowest adjacent line then add 1. 11 ft 31 ft

7) What happens to a contour line when it crosses a river? Contour lines bend upstream. The river flows opposite the point of the bend.

8) How do you know if the gradient is steep? B Lines are closer The closer the contour lines, the steeper the gradient.

9) What are some ways to know which way is up on a topographic map? Higher elevations The point of the “V” points up

10) What do hachure lines represent? They show a hole or depression

How do we number hachure lines? 60 100 80 100 80 The first contour line with hachure marks repeats the lower elevation

How do we number lines of a mountain? 60 60 40 80 100 The first contour line of a hill repeats the higher elevation

10) What do hachure lines represent? 59 - 41 ft 19 - 1 ft

11) Why can’t two contour lines cross? One point can’t have TWO elevations.

Gradient Change in field value/Distance If the land changed from a height of 50 m to a height of 150 m over a distance of 25 km what is the gradient? 150 m – 50 m/25 km 100 m / 25 km 4.0 m/km

How do we find distance on a contour map? 5 mi

How do we find distance on a contour map? 10

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