Living Environment Final Exam Yellow Review Packet

Identify the carnivores in this food web. Mountain lion, Snake, Hawk, Owl, Frog How do you kno they are carnivores? They are obtaining food/energy from primary and/or secondary consumers Identify the herbivores in this food web. Deer, Rabbit, Mouse, Cricket How do you know they are herbivores? They are obtaining food/energy from producers

Define an abiotic relationship. The relationship between an organism and the non-living factors of an ecosystem including pH, temperature, water, sunlight, wind, rocks and soil List two examples of abiotic relationships. Animals require water to survive. Plants require CO2 and give off O2 Define biotic relationship The living relationships of an ecosystem including organisms, their interactions, nutritional relationships, and competition for food, shelter, and mates. List two examples of biotic relationships. One organism might eat another. Different species compete for resources

Biotic Abiotic Abiotic Biotic Abiotic Biotic Biotic

Define: Food chain A series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten. Food web A diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem. Community A group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other. Why is a food web a better model than a food chain for explaining the feeding relationships in a community? Food webs attempt to display all of the feeding relationships within a community, while food chains only show one specific path within the communities food web.

Label the autotrophs in the diagram. A – Algae Label the heterotrophs in the diagram. B – Water fleas, C – Minnows, D – Bass Label the top predator in the diagram. Label the herbivores in the diagram. B – Water fleas Label the secondary consumers. C – Minnows Label the carnivores in the diagram. C – Minnows, D - Bass Explain why the amount of biomass chemicals produced by the autotrophs becomes less as these chemicals pass through the food chain in the pyramid. At each level, biomass chemicals are lost, or returned to the ecosystem in the waste products that come from the process of digestion. Explain why the amount of biomass energy found in the chemicals produced by the autotrophs becomes less as these chemicals pass through the food chain in the pyramid. At each level, biomass energy is lost, or returned to the ecosystem in the form of heat that is generated chemical reactions.

Define biodiversity: The variety of species living within an ecosystem. The higher the biodiversity, the more stable the ecosystem is. Which of the three ecosystems has the most biodiversity? A Explain how you came to this conclusion? In ecosystem A, there are more different species of organisms at each level.

Which of the three ecosystems has the least biodiversity? C Explain how you came to this conclusion. In ecosystem C, there are fewer different species of organisms at each level. If the grasses in each of the three ecosystems were destroyed by some disease, which ecosystem would be the least stable and, therefore, be the one which would most likely collapse? C Explain how you know that you are correct. Use the term “biodiversity” in your answer. Without another producer (autotroph), ecosystem C does not have enough biodiversity to prevent a collapse. If the grasses in each of the three ecosystems were destroyed by some disease, which ecosystem would probably not collapse since it is the most stable? Use the term “biodiversity” in your answer. Ecosystem A would be the least likely to collapse, because it has the most biodiversity. In addition to grasses, there are several other producers (autotrophs) to serve as the base of the energy/food pyramid.