Children and ICTs in Brazil: an approach to Media Literacy Tatiana Jereissati – CETIC.br Moscow, June 2012 CGI.br - Brazilian Internet Steering Committee NIC.br – Brazilian Network Information Center CETIC.br – Center of Studies on Information and Communication Technologies

Latin America and Portuguese speaking African countries ICT statistics production in Brazil Indicators for measuring the information society Latin America and Portuguese speaking African countries Center of Studies on Information and Communication Technologies CETIC UNESCO Cat. II Center(*) Regional Centre of Studies for the Development of the Information Society Capacity building; Knowledge centre: clearing house; Laboratory of Ideas; Culture and Ethics. (*) Approved at the Unesco’s 36th General Conference Nov/2011 (**) Cooperation Agreement signed 28th Mar/2012.

6th largest economy in the world Brazil Facts and figures Population: 191 million 85% living in urban area GDP: USD 2.5 Trillion 6th largest economy in the world IBGE 2011 IBGE Census 2010 5,565 municipalities GDP per capita: USD 12,788 IBGE Census 2010 IBGE 2011 5th largest territory in the world 7th largest ccTLD: 2.9 million IBGE 2010 Registro.br 2012

38% HH with Internet access ICTs in Brazil - 2011 Facts and figures Computer (%households) Internet (% Households) Urban area Urban area Total Brazil Total Brazil Internet Users (% population 10+ y.o.) 45 % HH with computers Urban area 38% HH with Internet access Urban area: 43% ; Rural area: 10% High SES: 96%; Low SES: 5% Total Brazil 74 million Internet users Source: ICT Households Survey 2011, CGI.br

ICT Kids Online Timeline 5-8 y.o 10 + y.o 5-9 y.o 5-9 y.o 9-16 y.o 2005 2009 2010 2012* 2013… ICT HOUSE HOLDS ICT KIDS 2010 ICT KIDS 2012 5-8 y.o + 10 + y.o 5-9 y.o 5-9 y.o 9-16 y.o ACESS ACESS ACESS USE USE USE ACESS COP USE COP *Upcoming survey results

Objectives To provide data on the ICT Kids 2010 Survey on access and use of ICTs that are relevant for the understanding of media literacy. The ICT Kids 2010 Survey Aims at measuring access to and use of ICT by children aged 5 to 9 years old: Nationwide (urban and rural areas); Random stratified sample N = 2,500 children (2,100 urban / 400 rural Questions validated by cognitive tests and pilot; Face-to-face households interview with parents and child. ICT KIDS 2010

Access to ICTs % of children aged 5 to 9 Computer use: 51% Internet use: 27% Use of mobiles: 59% High SES: 86% Low SES: 47% Ownership of mobiles: 18% 5 year olds:7% 9 year olds: 24% Differences in computer and Internet use Mobile phones are the fastest growing media in Brazil Source: ICT Kids Survey 2010, CGI.br

Location of Internet Access % of children aged 5 to 9 that have used the Internet LAN houses are very important locations for Internet access in Brazil among the low income and younger population and in rural areas. Computer Location in the household Household is a very relevant location for Internet access Source: ICT Kids Survey 2010, CGI.br

Parental mediation of child’s Internet use % of parents of children aged 5 to 9 that are Internet users “I use the Internet whenever I want to and as I like. My father does not care as long as I do not put viruses on the computer, he lets me do as I like”. (Boy, 8 years old, medium SES) "My father only allows me to go on YouTube and play games. If I use anything else, then I damage the computer." (Girl, 9 years old, medium SES) Source: ICT Kids Survey 2010, CGI.br

Age matters: parental mediation varies with age Parental mediation of child’s Internet use % of parents of children aged 5 to 9 that are Internet users Parent’s Internet experience is relevant: Internet users tend to mediate more than non- Internet users Age matters: parental mediation varies with age Children’s gender matters: Girls are more subjected to parental mediation than boys Source: ICT Kids Survey 2010, CGI.br

Mediation of Internet use Who do you use the Internet with? % of children aged 5 to 9 that have already used the Internet Children use the Internet intuitively Images and icons are helpful Children often resort to those that are around for help: parents, siblings etc. Reading and writing may be an issue Search engines are also a source of help: looking up new information; autocorrect “For example, my father and I are playing a game, then we cannot complete the level, then we search on Google and we find how to”. (Boy, 9 years old, medium SES) Source: ICT Kids Survey 2010, CGI.br

ICT Skill Acquisition With whom did you learn to use ICTs? % of children aged 5 to 9 that have already used the Internet Among children who learn alone: Source: ICT Kids Survey 2010, CGI.br

Perception of risks/ dangers online Online activities % of children aged 5 to 9 that have already used the Internet 24% declare to have an email account Online research 5-year-olds: 21% 9-year-olds: 63% Social networking : 5-year-olds: 13% 9-year-olds: 36% Perception of risks/ dangers online 5-year-olds: 9% 9-year-olds: 33% Source: ICT Kids Survey 2010, CGI.br

ICT Kids Survey 2010 Lessons learned Methodological Issues Challenges in conducting surveys among youngsters; Importance of pre-testing and cognitive tests: Difficulty to differentiate time and space (specific period of time, frequency, etc); Complex concepts and specific vocabulary require adapted language; Qualitative approach (focus group or in-depth interview) is recommended. The length of questionnaire impacts the children’s concentration and behavior during the interview.

ICT Kids Survey 2010 Lessons learned Contextual Issues Access to ICTs: a major barrier in Brazil, need to investigate social and regional inequalities; Use of ICTs: Further research is needed in assessing content production online and understanding; ICT Kids Online Brazil, based on the “EU Kids Online” Framework developed by the London School of Economics.

Our publications are available for download at www.cetic.br Thank you! Tatiana Jereissati tatiana@nic.br Our publications are available for download at www.cetic.br