Population Revision Silent Starter Activity: Swap books with your partner Using the answer sheet, mark their homework accordingly

The four stages explained Birth rates and death rates are both fluctuating at a high level. This will mean that the population growth will remain small. Reasons for high birth rates: Little birth control or family planning. High infant mortality so parents have to have more children to increase their chance that several will survive. Children are needed to farm the land. Large families are a sign of virility. Religious beliefs discourage use of contraception (Catholics, Muslims, Hindus). Reasons for high death rates: Countries in stage 1 today: Ethiopia, Bangladesh, Rainforest tribes Disease. Poor diet and famines. Poor sanitation: dirty water and no facilities for sewage disposal. Health care – few doctors, hospitals or medication.

Reasons for a fall in death rates: STAGE 2 Birth rates remain high. Death rates begin to fall rapidly which leads to a large population increase. Reasons for a fall in death rates: Medical care improves e.g. medicine, doctors, vaccinations, hospitals etc. Sanitation improves with clean supply of water. Quality and quantity of food production improves. Transport improves, which means that food, medicines, doctors etc can be moved about more freely. Countries in stage 2 today: Peru, Sri Lanka STAGE 3 Birth rates fall rapidly, population growth slows. Countries in stage 3 today: China, Australia Reasons for a fall in birth rates: Improved contraception and abortions available. Children living longer so less need to have as many. Parents would rather have material possessions (holidays, cars etc) than large families. Women working more so choose to have less children.

What does the DTM show? Remember: If BR > DR….. Population INCREASES If DR > BR….. Population DECREASES So, if birth rates (blue line) ever falls below the death rates (red line) then the population is decreasing. There are several places on the model where this happens. Can you see them? At all other times the population is increasing. But the reasons for this changes dramatically throughout the four stages. To help understand this, lets put some dates on the graph for when the UK was in each of the stages…. UK pre 1760 UK 1760 - 1880 UK 1880 - 1940 UK post 1940

Countries in stage 4 today: Birth rates and death rates both remain low giving a steady population growth. Birth rate stays low due to same reasons as stage 3. Death rate stays low due to the same reasons as stage 2 and 3. Women working in professional careers so many choose to have fewer children. Work now is in offices and hi tech industry. Countries in stage 4 today: Canada, USA, Japan ??? STAGE 5?? Birth rates are low. Birth rate falls further as the number of elderly people increase. Death rates remain low but are increasing slightly. Death rates increase slightly because the population is now so old. Total population is gradually decreasing

What is a Population Pyramid?

Falling birth rate, falling death rate, more people live longer. High birth rate, fall in death rate, slightly longer life expectancy. High birth rate, high death rate, short life expectancy. Low birth rate, low death rate, longer life expectancy.

Revision Exercises Work your way through the worksheets at the front of the class. Place each worksheet in your document wallet once complete!