Anxiety, Trauma & Stressor, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders Mr. Koch AP Psychology Andover High School

Anxiety Disorders Separation Anxiety Disorder Selective Mutism Specific Phobia Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) Panic Disorder Panic Attack (Specifier) Agoraphobia Generalized Anxiety Disorder Substance/Medication-Induced Anxiety Disorder Anxiety Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition Other Specified Anxiety Disorder Unspecified Anxiety Disorder

Anxiety Disorders Anxiety Characterized by ↑ heart rate, ↑ blood pressure, sweating, rapid breathing, dry mouth, sense of dread, uneasiness, trembling, nervousness Some anxiety is normal – when so intense & long-lasting that it impairs functioning, becomes a disorder Most common disorders in North America ~29% will experience ~2/3 are women

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Excessive & long-lasting (~6 mo.) anxiety, not focused on any particular object or situation (“free-floating anxiety”) Feel disaster is about to happen, jumpy, irritable, can’t sleep 3.1% of pop. in any given year 5% of pop. In lifetime Onset ~30 y.o. Somewhat more common in women Rarely treated

Panic Disorder Recurring, terrifying panic attacks w/o warning or obvious cause Intense heart palpitations, pressure or pain in chest, dizziness or unsteadiness, sweating, feeling faint (may last minutes or hours) Often mistaken for heart attack Can last for years w/ improvement and recurrence Strong association w/ agoraphobia 30% of pop. had panic attack w/in last year Only 2-3 % developed full-blown panic disorder

Phobias An intense, irrational fear of an object or situation that does not objectively justify such a reaction Usually realize fear is groundless, but anxiety persists May greatly interfere with daily life Specific DSM diagnoses: Specific Phobia (9% of pop.) Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) Agoraphobia Typical onset: early teens

Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders Reactive Attachment Disorder Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Acute Stress Disorder Adjustment Disorders Other Specified Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorder Unspecified Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorder

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Pattern of adverse and disruptive reactions following a traumatic and threatening event i.e., war, natural disasters, assaults, abuse, accidents, etc. Characteristic reactions: Anxiety, depression, irritability, jumpiness, inability to concentrate, sexual dysfunction, difficulty getting along w/ others, sleep disturbances, intense startle responses, suppressed immune system, nightmares, flashbacks May last months, years, decades

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Body Dysmorphic Disorder Hoarding Disorder Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder) Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder Substance/Medication-Induced Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition Other Specified Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder Unspecified Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorder

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Obsessions – plagued by persistent, upsetting, unwanted thoughts i.e., infection, contamination, causing harm to self/others Compulsions – ritualistic, repetitive behaviors i.e., washing, counting, checking, arranging, etc. Interferes w/ daily life (>1 hr/day) Derive no pleasure – recognize as irrational Onset: adolescence 2-3% of pop. during lifetime (1 in 40) **Hoarding Disorder is a newly added, separate disorder in the DSM-5

Body Dysmorphic Disorder **Now classified under Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders** The preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated “defect” in physical appearance Preoccupations often difficult to control, spend hours a day thinking about “defect” – can dominate lives Self-consciousness may cause to avoid work, school, or public situations Engage in frequent checking of “defect” and attempts to improve Usually lead to more anxiety Many cannot be convinced their view of self is inaccurate Typical onset: adolescence May be equal in men/women