15.3 Eastern City-States and Southern Empires

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15.3 Eastern City-States and Southern Empires Africa Unit

Setting the Stage Aksum Part of the trade network Traded with Arabia, Persia, India, and Rome

East Coast Trade Cities Bantu tribes came to the area Established farming & fishing villages Grew into seaport cities Bantu languages mixed with Arabic= Swahili Persian moved into the area through the Horn BROUGHT porcelain from China, jewels and cotton from India BOUGHT ivory, gold, tortoise shells, etc.

The City-State of Kilwa Ibn Battuta 1331 visited the region Admired their society Luxurious living

Portuguese Conquest 1488 rounded the tip of Africa looking for a seaport to India Saw wealth and decided to conquer the region (used cannons) Kept control of the ports for 200 years

Islamic Influences Muslim traders brought Islam & wealth Enslavement of Africans Since the 9th Century Arab Muslims exported enslaved persons (1,000 per year) Sent them to markets in Arabia, Persia & Iraq Taken to do domestic tasks, works as soldiers, dock workers, etc. Number of slaves trafficked multiplied under the control of the Europeans

SOUTHERN AFRICA & GREAT ZIMBABWE Gold and ivory helped the city-state grow Great Zimbabwe empire built on the gold trade by the Shona people In 1000, founded on a well-watered plateau Good for farming & raising cattle Location had economic advantages Stood near two trade routes They were able to control trade Taxed traders Demanded payment from other chief for protection Region was an economic, political, and religious center

Great Zimbabwe

Great Zimbabwe cont. 1450 it was abandoned for unknown reasons Historians say it maybe due to Worn out grasslands Used up salt and timber Could no longer support a large population Our knowledge comes from their ruins Karl Mauch, German explorer discovered the remains in 1871

The Mutapa Empire Mutota left Great Zimbabwe in 1420 to find a new source of salt Settled in the new Zimbabwe Used the army to rule the Shona people Forced people to pay to support the army

Mutapa Rulers Mutota Called mwene mutapa= “conqueror” or “master pillager” Portuguese thought it was the name of a respected ruler So they called the land the Mutapa Empire His son took power after he died

Mutapa Empire Mined gold deposit in nearby rivers & streams Sent gold to the coast in exchange for luxuries Portuguese tried to conquer the area but were unsuccessful Instead they help overthrow the leader

BEGINNING OF EUROPEAN INTERFERENCE IN AFRICAN AFFAIRS!!!

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