Progression of Atomic Models

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CHEMISTRY REVIEW For Atomic Structure Test

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Presentation transcript:

Progression of Atomic Models John Dalton Solid Sphere JJ Thompson Plum Pudding Model Rutherford Nuclear Atom Bohr Model Energy Levels Quantum Mechanics Electron-Cloud Model

Nucleus – Protons & Neutrons Electron Cloud - Electrons Atomic Structure Nucleus – Protons & Neutrons Electron Cloud - Electrons

Subatomic Particles - Within the atom Symbol Relative Charge Relative Mass Proton p+ +1 1 a.m.u. Neutron n0 Electron e- -1 ~ 0 a.m.u.

Atoms are Neutral! Structure of the Atom Nucleus – Protons + Neutrons Atomic Number = the # of protons in the nucleus (identity of an atom) Mass Number = the sum total of protons + neutrons in the nucleus (mass of a single atom) Electron Cloud – Electrons Number of electrons = Number of protons Atoms are Neutral!

Fill in the Blanks! K 19 20 5 6 11 Na 23 Ne 10 16 Symbol Atomic Number Protons Electrons Neutrons Mass Number K 19 20 5 6 11 Na 23 Ne 10 16

Name of Element Symbol Atomic Number Mass Number Protons Neutrons Electrons Copper Cu 29 64 35 Tin Sn 50 119 69 Iodine I 53 127 74 Uranium U 92 238 146 Potassium K 19 39 20 Lithium Li 3 7 4 Oxygen O 8 16 Gold Au 79 197 118 Sulfur S 32 Silver Ag 47 108 61 Chromium Cr 24 52 28

Co 59 32 27 Ni 28 Zinc 30 35 Al 14 13 Hg 80 201 Platinum 195 Fe 56 H 1 He 2 4 9

Mg 12 C 6 Silicon 14 Cl 17 18 Bi 209 83 Boron 5 11 Ca 20 25 55 Lead 207 82 Sodium Na Fluorine 9 10 P 15 31

Isotopes Elements with the same number of protons & different numbers of neutrons SAME ATOMIC NUMBER DIFFERENT MASS NUMBER

Neutrons = Mass Number - Atomic Number Isotope Symbol A Mass Number X Element Symbol Z Atomic Number Neutrons = Mass Number - Atomic Number

Atomic Mass The average of the mass numbers based on the abundance of naturally occurring isotopes Always a decimal Carbon-12 98.90 % Carbon-13 1.099% Carbon-14 0.001%

Atomic Mass – Practice Hydrogen-1 99.99% Hydrogen-2 0.015% Nitrogen-14 99.63% Nitrogen-15 0.37% Sulfur-32 95.02% Sulfur-33 0.75% Sulfur-34 4.21% Sulfur-36 0.020% Copper-63 69.17% Copper-65 30.83%

Electron Configuration Arrangement of electrons around the nucleus (in the electron cloud) Tells us how many electrons are in each energy level Valence Electrons The outside electrons

Ions Charged particles formed by gaining or losing electrons to form a noble gas electron configuration

Valence Electrons & Ions Group Valence Electrons Gain or Lose e- Ion Formed 1 Lose 1 e- 1 + 2 Lose 2 e- 2 + 13 3 Lose 3 e- 3 + 14 4 EITHER 4 + OR 4 - 15 5 Gain 3 e- 3 - 16 6 Gain 2 e- 2 - 17 7 Gain 1 e- 1 - 18 8 DO NOT FORM IONS!!!

Atomic Theory Review John Dalton JJ Thompson Rutherford Bohr Cathode Ray Experiment Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment Bohr Spectroscopy Proton, Neutron, Electron

Progression of Atomic Models John Dalton Solid Sphere JJ Thompson Plum Pudding Model Rutherford Nuclear Atom Bohr Model Energy Levels Quantum Mechanics Electron-Cloud Model

Atomic Structure Review Subatomic Particles mass, charge, location Atomic Number, Mass Number Numbers of protons, neutrons, electrons Isotopes Atomic Mass Calculations Electron Configuration, Valence Electrons Ions