OGC Arctic Spatial Data Pilot Food Security Policy Demonstration Esri Canada and Esri Inc. 07 March 2017 Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

Food Security Policy Scenario Story: “Food security is a significant issue in the Arctic and the principal challenges to food security across the Arctic are: high cost often coupled with economic vulnerability and decreasing consumption of country foods. Exacerbating these challenges are major issues linked to: contaminants and climate change.” - Food Security across the Arctic, Background paper of the Steering Committee of the Circumpolar Inuit Health Strategy Inuit Circumpolar Council – Canada, May 2012 Governments and NGOs are continually assessing and monitoring the situation to ensure a sufficient food supply for Arctic residents. Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

Arctic Food Security Policy Workbench Story (cont): Food security policy depends on the sharing and interoperability of spatial data. A demonstration policy workbench was developed which allows policy workers to monitor issues , assess situations, analyse data and review progress. The workbench allows easy addition of issues and simple accumulation of interoperable data sources all within a web browser. Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

Policy Development Process Food Security policy development, implementation and monitoring Policy steps Specific Issues 1. Issue identification Food security for Arctic Communities 2. Policy analysis Characteristics, trends, drivers and future perspective 3. Consultation Public input on the issue, potential solutions and public buy-in 4. Policy instrument development Policy development 5. Building support, coordination and coalitions Meet with stakeholders and those affected by both the issue and the policy solution. 6. Program Design Local, regional, national or Pan-Arctic solution. 7 .Policy Implementation Notification of those affected and the policy. 8. Policy Evaluation Collect data across the affected area and analyze to measure compliance and improvements Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

Policy Development Process Food Security policy development, implementation and monitoring Policy steps Role of spatial data 1. Issue identification Who, where and why are people affected? 2. Policy analysis By collecting and analyzing (cause & effect) relevant Spatial Data, does the data backup the issue? 3. Consultation Who should be consulted about a solution and where are they? 4. Policy instrument development Based on the consultation are there spatially related policy applications? 5. Building support, coordination & coalitions Who will be responsible for the policy implementation and where are they? 6. Program Design Based on their location who needs to make the final policy decision? 7 .Policy Implementation Who needs to know about the policy and who implements the policy and where are they? 8. Policy Evaluation Continue to monitor (collect new data) and evaluate (analyze data) to ensure the policy is working. Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

Food Security Policy Examples Specific food security issues and how spatial data can help policy makers understand the issue and the possible cause and effects. Issue Effects Examples of role of spatial data Subsistence conflicts (country food vs store bought food) Preference for country food Locations of traditional bias Locations of low income Locations where store bought food is inaccessible Arctic habitat degradation or contamination Country food may not be safe or available Locations of poor human health Locations of known contaminants Locations of habitat change Climate change effects on food supply Country food may not be accessible or stable Locations of country food changes Locations of sea ice changes Industrial development Provides income for store bought food Locations of resources Locations of trade and commerce Locations of governments/utilities Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

Food Security Policy Workbench A policy workbench provides a single window to standards based data interfaces. The demonstration workbench includes: Project goal Catalog search portals to find data Reference maps Landsat and elevation services Arctic store bought food data and analysis Arctic country food data Local data Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

Finding Arctic Data overview Arctic Data Catalogues Arctic Data Center Portal: http://arcticdata.met.no/metamod/search Arctic SDI Portal: http://geoportal.arctic-sdi.org/ Arctic SDP Project Portal: http://portal.opengeospatial.org/wiki/ArcticSDP/ArcticSDPCatalog Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna: http://www.abds.is/ Canada Open Data Portal: http://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset Esri Geoportal: http://gptogc.esri.com/ Esri Geoportal Arctic Client: http://gptogc.esri.com/arcticClient/ NCAR/UCAR Research Data Archive: http://rda.ucar.edu/ NSIDC Arctic Research Data Portal: http://nsidc.org/data/search/ Polar Data Catalog: http://www.polardata.ca/ Polar Hub Catalog: http://polar.geodacenter.org/polarhub2/ Polar Prediction Portal: http://www.polarprediction.net/about-ppp/data-sources-portals/ Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium Base Map Data overview Arctic SDI basemap requirement Source: Kartverket Norway on behalf of Arctic Council Format: OGC WMTS (Web Map Tile Service) Projection: Polar Stereographic Location: http://opencache.statkart.no/gatekeeper/gk/gk.open_wmts Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

Arctic Policy Reference Material Data overview Transportation Routes in the US Source: The US National Map Service Format: OGC WFS (Web Feature Service) Location: https://services.nationalmap.gov/arcgis/rest/services/WFS/transoprtation/MapServer Transportation Routes in Canada Source: NRCan GeoGratis Format: OGC WMS (Web Map Service) Location: https://geogratis.gc.ca/maps/CBMT? Alaska Ice Conditions Source: US National Weather Service Format: OGC KML (Keyhole Markup Language) Location: https://www.weather.gov/source/afc/icedata/full_latest.kmz Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

Arctic Landsat and Elevation Data overview Source: Esri, Amazon Web Services (AWS) and United States Geological Survey (USGS) Format: Esri Rest Service Projection: Polar Stereographic Location: https://landsat3.arcgis.com/arcgis/rest/services/Landsat/Arctic_MS/ImageServer Arctic Elevation Source: Esri and Polar Geospatial Center (PGC) Format: OGC WMS (Web Map Service) Location: https://elevation2.arcgis.com/arcgis/services/Polar/ArcticDEM_map/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

Store Bought Food Data overview Arctic food store locations Source: Northmart, Walmart and Safeway retail food store locations website Format: Converted to Comma Separated Values (CSV) Arctic food store density Source: created from food store locations using density funcition in web analysis Arctic boundary Source: Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) Format: OGC WMS (Web Map Service) Location: http://geo.abds.is/geoserver/base/wms Language Areas and UNESCO Language points Location: http://geo.abds.is/geoserver/abds/wms?SERVICE=WMS&REQUEST=GetCapabilities Arctic Elevation Source: Esri and Polar Geospatial Center (PGC) Location: https://elevation2.arcgis.com/arcgis/services/Polar/ArcticDEM/ImageServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

Country Food Data overview Landcover Features Source: Government of the North West Territories Format: OGC WMS (Web Map Service) Location: https://www.apps.geomatics.gov.nt.ca/arcgis/services/GNWT/ImageryBaseLandCover_LCC/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS Environment Features Location: https://www.apps.geomatics.gov.nt.ca/arcgis/services/GNWT/Environment_LCC/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium Local Data overview City of Iqaluit Source: City of Iqaluit and Government of Nunavut Format: OGC Geopackage Location: File based transfer Layers Runway lights, hydro poles, culverts, satellite dishes, main trails, retaining walls, pipelines, gravel roads, fences, runway, dumpsites, cemetaries, parks, bridges Innuit Communities Source: Indiginous and Northern Affairs Canada Format: OGC WMS (Web Map Service) Location: https://data.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/geomatics/services/Donnees_Ouvertes-Open_Data/Collectivite_Inuite_Inuit_Community/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS Community well being index Format: Esri Rest Service Location: https://webservices.maps.canada.ca/arcgis/rest/services/INAC/community_well_being_index_2011_en/MapServer/0 Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

Data integration highlights Positive issues Data access via standard APIs allows integration of a variety of spatial data. A web based policy workbench allows data integration without programming. Most Arctic data appears to be geospatially accurate and thus integrates relatively well with the base and other thematic data. Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium

Data integration highlights Issus requiring further attention HTTPS should be supported for web services and the URLs should be aligned with the HTTP address The required basemap requires further work including alignement of the primary axis, increased resolution and removal of extraneous features Arctic geospatial data is hard to find and still requires vetting to determine which data is good and which data is suspect. Many Arctic data servers are not high performance and/or are on slow networks. The Arctic data on the various sites should be divided more by features instead of all data being provided from one since Web service. Some manual work was required to “screen scrape” information for the locations of the Arctic retail food store locations and put these into a CSV file. Copyright © 2017 Open Geospatial Consortium