Please fill them out. Thanks! Course evaluations Please fill them out. Thanks!

Before we begin

Before we begin Its been a pleasure having ALL of you in the course If there is ANY way I can help you in the rest of your time at U of O, please email me or come see me during office hours. Working with students like you is the best part of my job

Review for final exam

Structure of essay Your thoughts?

Structure of essay: My thoughts Lots to cover: 2 issue areas, 3 theories, 6 tenets Cover as many tenets as you can cover well, at least Ensure you Cover major points Compare across theories and across issue areas Show clear knowledge of theories and application Keep intro and conclusion short Use headings

My suggested structure Intro Focus Key claims of each of three theories Security or IPE examples that each theory explain well Human rights or Environment examples that each theory explain well Compare ability of each theory to explain each issue area Repeat for A-G-M-O-D Compare issues across all tenets Conclusion

Disenfranchised Theory Realism Institutionalism Disenfranchised Theory Focus – what is being explained? Actors – who are considered the main actors to watch? Goals – what are the goals of the main actors? Means – what means do actors use to achieve their goals? Organizing Principles – how is the international system organized? Dynamics – what does the process of international relations look like?

Disenfranchised Theory Realism Institutionalism Disenfranchised Theory Focus – what is being explained? Conflict Actors – who are considered the main actors to watch? States are primary and act as unitary rational actors Goals – what are the goals of the main actors? Survival, security, and hence, power Means – what means do actors use to achieve their goals? Military force is usable, effective, and fungible Organizing Principles – how is the international system organized? Anarchy and self-help Dynamics – what does the process of international relations look like? Acquisition and balancing of power

Disenfranchised Theory Realism Institutionalism Disenfranchised Theory Focus – what is being explained? Conflict Cooperation Actors – who are considered the main actors to watch? States are primary and act as unitary rational actors Multiple actors (states, MNCs, NGOs); not always unitary or rational Goals – what are the goals of the main actors? Survival, security, and hence, power Econ & social goals as well as security Means – what means do actors use to achieve their goals? Military force is usable, effective, and fungible Asymmetry in interdependence; issue-specific power Organizing Principles – how is the international system organized? Anarchy and self-help Anarchy mitigated by norms, rules, & institutions Dynamics – what does the process of international relations look like? Acquisition and balancing of power Alternation of cooperation & conflict

Disenfranchised Theory Realism Institutionalism Disenfranchised Theory Focus – what is being explained? Conflict Cooperation Conflict between genders, rather than between states Actors – who are considered the main actors to watch? States are primary and act as unitary rational actors Multiple actors (states, MNCs, NGOs); not always unitary or rational Individuals gendered as masculine and feminine Goals – what are the goals of the main actors? Survival, security, and hence, power Econ & social goals as well as security Individual security and well-being Means – what means do actors use to achieve their goals? Military force is usable, effective, and fungible Asymmetry in interdependence; issue-specific power use of gender identities, even by the state, in service of the state Organizing Principles – how is the international system organized? Anarchy and self-help Anarchy mitigated by norms, rules, & institutions Patriarchy, gendered hierarchical structure Dynamics – what does the process of international relations look like? Acquisition and balancing of power Alternation of cooperation & conflict Reconstruction & maintenance of gendered hierarchies

Applications to different issue areas Security IPE Human rights Environment

Concepts Security Conflict, cooperation, harmony Power Role of states Goals of states Means states use Roles of institutions

The future of IR Focus Actors Goals Means Organizing Principle Dynamics

Structure vs. Agency Structural arguments that I have promoted in the class suggest There is little free will and far more determinism That the causes of things are generally outside our control or even our ability to influence them That people can’t make a difference This is depressing (unless you think the world is perfect the way it is) BUT …

Individuals (you) can make a difference Structure vs. agency as theme of course Structure is the cause of continuity Agency is the cause of change Act in small ways that make big changes to structure over time 1,000s of small decisions each year – bias your decisions toward your goals Individuals can make a difference Jody Williams Landmine ban; “Killer Robots” next? Razia Jan: Afghan-born, lives in Massachusetts, provides free education to Afghan girls Skateistan