Celebrating the Servant-Savior: The Gospel of Isaiah Jason S. DeRouchie, PhD Professor of OT and Biblical Theology Bethlehem College & Seminary www.derouchie-meyer.org Bethlehem Baptist Church, 2016

Which book is Isaiah? Isa 2:17. And the haughtiness of man shall be humbled, and the lofty pride of men shall be brought low, and the LORD alone will be exalted in that day.  Isa 40:31. But they who wait for the LORD shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings like eagles; they shall run and not be weary; they shall walk and not faint. Isa 45:5, 7. I am the LORD, and there is no other, besides me there is no God…. I form light and create darkness, I make well-being and create calamity, I am the LORD, who does all these things. Isa 53:12. He bore the sin of many, and makes intercession for the transgressors.

What role did Isaiah play? Prophet: An ambassador of the heavenly court; a Mosaic covenant enforcer Jer 23:21–22. I did not send the prophets, yet they ran; I did not speak to them, yet they prophesied. 22 But if they had stood in my council, then they would have proclaimed my words to my people, and they would have turned them from their evil way, and from the evil of their deeds.

2 Kgs 17:13–15. Yet the LORD warned Israel and Judah by every prophet and every seer, saying, “Turn from your evil ways and keep my commandments and my statutes, in accordance with all the Law that I commanded your fathers, and that I sent to you by my servants the prophets.” 14 But they would not listen…. 15 They despised his statutes and his covenant that he made with their fathers and the warnings that he gave them.

Isaiah as Yahweh’s mouthpiece: ”Vision” (1:1) “The LORD has spoken” (1:2) “Hear the word of the LORD … to the teaching of our God” (1:10) “Says the LORD” (1:11, 18) “Me/I” (1:11–17) “The mouth of the LORD has spoken” (1:20) “Declares the LORD” (1:24)

Forthtelling vs. foretelling Isa 1:2–23 = forthtelling (76.67%) Isa 1:24–31 = foretelling (23.33%)

Guidelines for Interpreting OT Prophecy Think in terms of oracles. Oracle: Any divine pronouncement through a prophet that directs human action in the present or foretells future events.

Types of Oracular Statements 1. Indictment 2. Instruction 3. Warning/Punishment 4. Hope/Salvation

Types of Oracular Statements 1. Indictment Statement of offense 2. Instruction 3. Warning/Punishment 4. Hope/Salvation

Types of Oracular Statements 1. Indictment Statement of offense 2. Instruction Clarification of the expected response 3. Warning/Punishment 4. Hope/Salvation

Types of Oracular Statements 1. Indictment Statement of offense 2. Instruction Clarification of the expected response 3. Warning/Punishment Declaration of the punishment to be carried out 4. Hope/Salvation

Types of Oracular Statements 1. Indictment Statement of offense 2. Instruction Clarification of the expected response 3. Warning/Punishment Declaration of the punishment to be carried out 4. Hope/Salvation Affirmation of future hope or deliverance

Types of Oracular Statements 1. Indictment Specific covenant stipulations violated 2. Instruction Call to heed covenant stipulations 3. Warning/Punishment Warning or promise of covenant curses 4. Hope/Salvation Promise of covenant restoration blessings

Types of Oracular Statements 1. Indictment 2. Instruction 3. Warning/Punishment 4. Hope/Salvation

Types of Oracular Statements 1. Indictment Isa 1:2–4, 21–23 2. Instruction 3. Warning/Punishment 4. Hope/Salvation

Types of Oracular Statements 1. Indictment Isa 1:2–4, 21–23 2. Instruction Isa 1:10–17 3. Warning/Punishment 4. Hope/Salvation

Types of Oracular Statements 1. Indictment Isa 1:2–4, 21–23 2. Instruction Isa 1:10–17 3. Warning/Punishment Isa 1:5–9, 20, 24–25, 28–31 4. Hope/Salvation

Types of Oracular Statements 1. Indictment Isa 1:2–4, 21–23 2. Instruction Isa 1:10–17 3. Warning/Punishment Isa 1:5–9, 20, 24–25, 28–31 4. Hope/Salvation Isa 1:18–19, 26, 27

Types of Oracular Statements ESV NIV 1. Indictment (specific covenant stipulations violated) Isa 1:2–4, 21–23 v. 2 Deut 4:26; 32:1, 6, 10, 15 Deut 4:26 v. 3 Gen 42:27; Deut 32:28 v. 4 Deut 32:15 v. 21 Exod 34:15 v. 23 Exod 23:8 Exod 23:8; Deut 19:14

ESV NIV 2. Instruction (call to heed covenant stipulations) Isa 1:10–17, 19–20 v. 10 Deut 32:32 Gen 13:13 v. 12 Exod 23:17; Deut 31:11 v. 13 Exod 12:16; Lev 23:36 Num 10:10 v. 14 Exod 12:16; Lev 23:1–44; Num 28:11; 29:39; Deut 16:1–17 v. 15 Exod 9:29; Deut 1:45; 31:17 v. 17 Exod 22:22; Deut 14:29 v. 19 Deut 30:15–16

ESV NIV 3. Warning/Punishment (warning or promise of covenant curses) Isa 1:5–9, 20, 24–25, 28–31 v. 6 Deut 28:35 v. 7 Deut 28:51–52 Lev 26:16, 31, 34; Deut 29:23 v. 9 Gen 19:24; 45:7 v. 20 Num 23:19 v. 24 Deut 32:41 Gen 49:24; Deut 32:43 v. 25 Deut 28:63 v. 28 Deut 32:15

ESV NIV 3. Warning/Punishment (warning or promise of covenant curses) Isa 1:5–9, 20, 24–25, 28–31 v. 6 Deut 28:35 v. 7 Deut 28:51–52 Lev 26:16, 31, 34; Deut 29:23 v. 9 Gen 19:24; 45:7 v. 20 Num 23:19 v. 24 Deut 32:41 Gen 49:24; Deut 32:43 v. 25 Deut 28:63 v. 28 Deut 32:15 4. Hope/Salvation (promise of covenant restoration blessings) Isa 1:18, 26, 27 v. 26 Gen 32:28