TOPIC 2: Industry and Immigration (1865-1914) Lesson 5: A Nation of Cities

Learning Objectives Analyze urban growth in the late 1800s. Explain how technology improved city life. Evaluate the problems caused by rapid urban growth and ways that city dwellers tried to solve them.

Americans Migrate to Cities Urbanization-people living in cities boomed! Cities offered: Jobs Women’s opportunities Entertainment By 1900-urban areas were more than 40% foreign born created ethnic ghettos Rural-to-urban migrants Advances in farming technology= not as many farmers needed to produce crops Weather, isolation on the farms

Americans Migrate to Cities

Americans Migrate to Cities Despite the tedious nature of the work, factories in cities often offered workers more money and opportunities than they had in rural settings.

Americans Migrate to Cities The percentage of the population living in urban areas increased relative to those living in rural areas over several decades.Analyze Graphs What factors account for the demographic shift from rural to urban areas over these decades?

Technology Improves City Life Skyscrapers mass produced steel! Electric elevator (Elisha Otis) Mass transit Electric street cars, subways Growth of suburbs for middle class City planning using architecture, sanitation, landscape engineering

Cleveland, Ohio 1900 The Home Insurance Building in Chicago was the first building in which a steel frame supported the outside walls, making a taller, stronger building.

Technology Improves City Life

Urban Living Creates Social Issues Tenements Low cost, multiple families Dirty/unsanitary cholera epidemics Water and Sanitation Streets covered in trash and waste Fire, crime, and conflict Fires would sweep cities (the Great Chicago Fire 1871) =fire departments Crime = professional police Tension between races =gangs

Quiz: Americans Migrate to Cities How did technological advances in agricultural production push many farmers to migrate to cities? A. Increasing supplies of food caused prices to drop. B. Farmers went into debt to pay for new technology. C. There weren't enough workers to harvest larger crops. D. New technology demanded workers with appropriate skills.

Quiz: Technology Improves City Life Why were skyscrapers important to cities? A. They provided a recognizable skyline. B. They made cities seem more modern. C. They efficiently used small amounts of land. D. Their use of steel benefited the steel industry.

Quiz: Urban Living Creates Social Issues What was the key to preventing outbreaks of cholera in cities? A. less crowded living conditions B. clean water supplies C. access to health care D. development of antibiotics

Topic 2-6 New Ways of Life

Learning Objectives Explain how technology, new types of stores, and marketing changed Americans' standard of living. Analyze mass culture and education in the late 1800s. Describe new popular cultural movements in the late 1800s.

Free Enterprise Improves Life The Gilded Age, by Mark Twain 1873 More products + lower prices= conspicuous consumerism Advertising Macys- ads with goods in “departments” Money back guarantee, mail-order business After Civil War, success=what you can buy Role of the railroad?

A Mass Culture Develops Same clothes, same household gadgets across U.S.= mass culture Newspapers increased (advertisements) Literature and Arts become popular Public education expanded 90% literacy rate by 1900 Link to immigration?

A Mass Culture Develops

A Boom in Popular Entertainment Growth of a middle class with disposable income= desire for entertainment Amusement parks-first rollercoaster at Coney Island, NY Outdoor events- Buffalo Bill Vaudeville shows Spectator sports (football, basketball, baseball etc.) Part of the mass culture