CELLS AND THEIR WONDERFUL ORGANELLES 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500

In order to stay alive, all organisms need (four (4) things we discussed)…?

Water (70% of most living things) Physical Space (NOT shelter) A source of energy (the sun…food) To maintain homeostasis (stable internal environment)

The ________of a cell (how it’s made) is directly related to its_________(what it does).

Cell structure is related to function.

Cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems all come together to form what?

An organism

What type of organisms consist of a single cell that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles?

PROKARYOTES

A phospholipid bilayer forms which organelle A phospholipid bilayer forms which organelle? What is an important characteristic of this organelle?

The cell membrane It is selectively permeable

1. The following substances store energy: 2 1. The following substances store energy: 2. This substance IS the energy:

1. Sugars (mono/disaccharides)-short term Carbohydrates (poly saccharides)-med. Term Fats-long term 2.ATP…Adenosine Triphosphate

What keeps cells from growing larger than they do?

They are limited due to surface area/volume ratio.

What is the function of the cell membrane What is the function of the cell membrane? What is it composed of and what makes it unique?

-It protects the cell from the outside environment -It protects the cell from the outside environment. -It is made of a phospholipid bilayer. What makes it special is that it is selectively permeable…it can control what comes into and what goes out of the cell.

What does the cell theory state?

1. All living things are made of cells. 2 1. All living things are made of cells. 2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things. 3. Cells come from other cells.

What are the benefits of being multicellular over being unicellular?

-A multicellular organism’s lifespan is not limited to the lifespan of an individual cell. -Multicellular organisms can have specialized systems of tissues, organs, and organ system. Specialization means greater efficiency.

What function does the nucleolus perform and where is it found?

It produces ribosomes and is found in the cells nucleus.

What do chloroplasts do?

They utilize the Sun’s energy along with water and carbon dioxide to produce food for plant cells. This process also releases oxygen. Short Version-They make food from energy.

Which organelle in eukaryotic cells contains the DNA, is the cell’s command center, and is the location of the nucleolus?

The nucleus

What is the function of the cell wall What is the function of the cell wall? In which cells would you find one? Extra Info: What are they composed of?

The cell wall supports and protects the cell The cell wall supports and protects the cell. It is found in: >Plant cells-Cellulose >Fungi-Chitin >Bacteria-Peptidoglycan

What do mitochondria do in plant and animal cells?

They produce energy (in the form of ATP) from food in the oxidation reaction of glucose.

What do ribosomes do?

They synthesize (make) proteins by linking amino acids together They synthesize (make) proteins by linking amino acids together. Extra info: The chemical bonds that link amino acids are called peptide bonds.

What do lysosomes do?

They break down food and waste from cellular metabolism and render it harmless or recycle it for reuse.

Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryote v Eukaryote Prokaryotes Both Eukaryotes Bacteria and Archaea Cell Membrane Animal, plant, fungi, protists Smaller Cell Wall (some Euk) Larger Appear Earlier Ribosomes Appear later Circular DNA in Nucleoid DNA Linear DNA in Nucleus No Membrane-bound organelles Reproduce by Cell division Membrane-bound organelles Reproduce by binary fission Cytoplasm Reproduce by Mitosis Smaller ribosomes Complex Cell Walls Flagella Larger ribosomes Simple Cell Walls (if present)

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

It helps to move substances around within the cell kinda like a highway system. Rough ER-has ribosomes embedded in part of it and distributes proteins. Smooth ER-Distributes lipids

What function does the golgi complex perform within the cell?

It modifies (changes), sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and redirects (sends) them on to their final destination within the cell. Sorta like the US Postal Service or UPS works.

Make an analogy for the nucleus.

Example: Nucleus is to cell as brain is to person because the nucleus controls the all of the body’s functions and the human brain controls all of a person’s functions.

What is the key to the survival of a cell (or any organism)?

Nutrients have to get in and wastes need to get out.

Make an analogy for the endoplasmic reticulum.

Endoplasmic reticulum is to cell as highway system is to city because the ER is the substrate on which molecules travel from one part of a cell to another, just like cars travel along city roadways to get from place to place.

How are bacteria, plant, and animal cells alike and how are they different?

All Three-Cell membrane, cytosol, DNA, ribosomes All Three-Cell membrane, cytosol, DNA, ribosomes. Bacteria-Prokaryotic, no mbo’s, no nucleus (circular DNA in a nucleoid), cell wall. Plant-Eukaryotic, nucleus, cell wall, mbo’s, chloroplasts, large central vacuole. Animal-Eukaryotic, nucleus, mbo’s.

What does a vacuole do?

The vacuoles store food or water for further processing, just as your stomach stores what you eat and drink prior to final digestion.