Biochemistry: Carbohydrates

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Carbohydrates Properties Controlled by Structure

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Presentation transcript:

Biochemistry: Carbohydrates

Carbon’s Unique Characteristics How many valence electrons does carbon have? How many other atoms can each carbon atom covalently bond with?

Monomers & Polymers Monomer: Small molecules used as a sub-unit of polymers Polymer: Large molecules of 3-millions of monomers of the same or different kinds

Condensation Reaction Enzymes split an OH from one molecule & an H atom from another & a covalent bond forms.

Hydrolysis A cleavage reaction where enzymes split molecules at specific groups, then attach one OH group and an H atom from a water molecule.

Five Sense Biochemistry Crave thy Carbohydrates

What is the PURPOSE of carbohydrates in our diet? Energy Structure Energy Transport Energy Storage

Carbohydrate Chemistry Main Elements: Carbon, hydrogen & oxygen The Standard Ratio is 1:2:1 or (CH2O)n

Class of Carbohydrate: Monosaccharide Simple carbohydrates Single carbon ring (monomer) Examples: Glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose, & deoxyribose

Class of Carbohydrate: Oligosaccharide A short chain of covalently bonded monosaccharides. Often used as transport sugars Examples: Sucrose, lactose & maltose

Class of Carbohydrate: Polysaccharide Complex carbohydrates, straight or branched chains of MANY sugar monomers.

Polysaccharides Cellulose: Structural component in plant cells

Starch: Energy storage molecule in plants Polysaccharide Starch: Energy storage molecule in plants

Polysaccharide— Glycogen: Sugar storage molecule in animals (muscles & liver)

Polysaccharide Chitin: External skeleton component of many animals