A guide to using and understanding APA format. 1 APA PowerPoint Presentation Printer-friendly Version A guide to using and understanding APA format.

What Students Need to Know About APA: Title page Document format Quoting and citing resources Reference list

Format for Title Page Top third of page Title Middle third of page Name Course number and CRN Name of course Bottom third of page Name of institution Date

What Students Need to Know About APA Title: 1 What Students Need to Know About APA Title: By Kimberly Lawson Science Research I Student’s Name Course code and CRN: Title of course: Institution Month day, year Blanche Ely High School May 3, 2009

Document Format Pagination Margins, fonts, line spacing Format of title and headings Numbers Parenthetical citations

Times New Roman or Courier Page #s 12 pt font Times New Roman or Courier 1 inch margins Double spaced Indented Left justified No bolding No underlining 2 APA Formatting for NSU Class Assignments Use double-spacing throughout the paper including the title page, abstract, body of the document, reference list, appendixes, tables, and figure captions.  APA does permit single spacing within references but double spacing between references. (See p. 326 of the Publication Manual.) Major headings are centered. The first word of the heading is capitalized as well as all major words. Articles, short prepositions, and coordinating conjunctions, however, are not capitalized (Falcao, 2005). Other issues also need to be considered. Students and teachers alike need to pay attention to using subheadings. For example,

Headings (p. 113) Use Level 1 Headings for the Title Level 3 – Flush Left, Italicized, Upper and Lower Case Side Heading

Quotes and Parenthetical Citations Copyright Paraphrased quotes Direct quotes Parenthetical citations

Cite the following: opinions, beliefs, ideas, and theories from any source any information obtained that is not common knowledge direct quotes of the words used verbatim summarized or paraphrased ideas

When citing a specific part of a resource or using a direct quote, provide the page number: “… victims of cyberterrorism” (Stonebraker, 2004, p. 237) . Vest (2004) reported that "empirical research verified compliance" (p. 48). See APA, p. 213-214

When citing a specific part of a resource or using a direct quote, provide the page number: Freud's writing on the topic of dreams (as cited in Steinbrecker, Jones, & Acevedo, 1997) emphasized.... in a definition (Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 2001). A couple experiments (Eifrig, 1976; Skinner, 1956) found.... The Web site did not support the data (Wienhorst, n.d.) . See APA manual, pp. 207-213.

Direct quote for less than 40 words: “Instructors may or may not want to require an abstract for class assignments. The abstract is a one-paragraph summary or overview of the paper and should summarize the essential content of the paper” (Tunon, 2005, p. 34). Block quote (more than 40 words): Strunk (1922) stated: Use quotes around an article title or book chapter, but italicize the title of a book, journal, brochure, or report when used in the body of the paper.  Use a short title in the parenthetical citation or complete title if the title is short. NOTE Non-periodical titles like books and book titles have all the important words capitalized in the text citations, but these same book titles do not have all the important words capitalized in the reference list (p. 342). Callahan (2001), however, says …. (NOTE: FSE uses single space, but APA uses double.)

Abbreviations Mothers Against Drunk Drivers (MADD) American Library Association (ALA) Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) Fischler School of Education and Human Services (FSEHS) Nova Southeastern University (NSU)

Numbers: See pp. 122-125 Use figures for numbers 10 and above: 343 students in 26 classes The numbers between one and nine should be spelled out: A total of six experiments went awry. Exceptions Numbers above and below 10 grouped for comparison: 3 of 15 students The school needs 4 teachers and 11 staff people. Numbers representing time, dates, and age 3 months ago, April 16, 1 hr 10 min

Numbers More exceptions: Numbers denoting a specific place in a series, book, or table Table 5, Session 3, page 232 Use words for numbers below 10 that do not represent precise measurements: eight items, nine pages Use words for numbers beginning a sentence, title, or heading: Twenty-four percent replied.... Nineteen students improved.

Reference Page Page entitled References Hanging indentation Single space in citations Double space between citations Use italics, do not underline Alphabetical order 32 References Kostoff, R. N., del Rio, J. A., Humenik, J. A., García, E. O., & Ramírez, A. M. (2001). Citation mining: Integrating text mining and bibliometrics for research user profiling. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 52, 1148-1156. Kushkowski, J. D. (1985, May). Master's and doctoral thesis citations: Analysis and trends of a longitudinal study. Portal, 3, 459-479. Retrieved March 20, 2005, from WilsonWeb Education Full Text database. Kushkowski, J. D. (1999a). Identifying uniform core journal titles for music libraries: A dissertation citation study. College & Research Libraries, 60(2), 153-163. Kushkowski, J. D. (1999b). Measuring the use and value of electronic journals and books. Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship. Retrieved July 10, 2004, from Expanded Academic Index database. Morner, C. J. (1995). Measuring the library research skills of education doctoral students. In R. AnRhein (Ed.), Continuity & transformation: The promise of confluence. Proceedings of the Seventh National Conference of the Association of College and Research Libraries, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, March 29-April 1, 1995 (pp. 381-391). Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries. Norton, M. J. (2000). Introductory concepts in information science. Medford, NJ: Information Today. O'Connor, D. O., & Voos, H. (2005). Empirical laws, theory construction, and bibliometrics. In J. Smith & B. B. Jones, New adventures on the Web. Springfield, MA: Springer Verlag.

How to Cite a Journal Article Retrieved Online

Citing Journal Articles Retrieved Full Text Online Article title Author(s) Year of publication Watkins, R., & Schlosser, C. (2000). It’s not about time: A fresh approach to educational equivalency. TechTrend, 24(3), 34-47. Retrieved March 1, 2005, from WilsonWeb Education Full Text database. Retrieval statement Journal title Volume, issue, and page number(s) See APA manual, p. 279, #91

Corporate author Year of publication Book title American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Place and publisher See APA manual, p. 248

Citing a Web Site: http://www.ala.org/acrl/acrlstandards/informationliteracy.htm

Citing a Web Site: Corporate author Year of publication Web title American Colleges and Research Libraries. (2003). Information literacy competency standards for higher education. Retrieved February 12, 2004, from the American Library Association Web site: http://www.ala.org/acrl/acrlstandards/informationliteracy.htm Retrieval statement See APA manual, p. 274

So What Did You Learn? TEST YOURSELF Determine if the information on the next few slides is in correct APA format. Stay what is correct or incorrect

Test Your Knowledge of APA: A total of 10 students got on the bus. 245 students went to school. … uses the term “aggregated databases” (American Psychological Association, 2001, p. 234).

Test Your Knowledge of APA: 4. Lewis, J., & Clark, B. (2002). A Journey to the Ends of the Earth. Chicago: Sage.

Test Your Knowledge of APA: 5. Johnson, S., & Clark, P. (2005). Voyage to the bottom of the aquarium. Science Teacher, 18, 24-26. Retrieved February 26, 2005, from WilsonWeb Education” Full Text database.

Test Your Knowledge of APA: True or False: 6. APA documents should have 1 inch margins. 7. APA documents should be double spaced. 8. The references are arranged chronologically. 9. The font size should be 10 in Comic Sans or Ariel. 10. The exact words should be quoted and have the page number provided.