King Philip’s War 1675-1676 -War between several Native tribes and the New England colonies. -Named for Metacom, AKA King Philip, leader of the Wampanoag

Casualties English: Approximately 600 killed. Plymouth Colony lost 8% of its male population (compare to 1% during World War II, or 4.5% during the Civil War). Indians: 8,000 casualties: 2,000 dead in battle, 3,000 of sickness or hunger, 1,000 shipped out as slaves, 2,000 fled north. This is between 60-80% of the Indian population of southern New England.

Consequences New England Indians decimated. Future Indian attacks in New England will be from the north (NH, VT, ME, Canada). New England population convinced all Indians are evil, and must be destroyed. Colonial towns begin to develop militias to protect themselves. Having received no help from England, New Englanders decide they are on their own, and start to feel they have their own identity, separate from other English.

The French and Indian Wars

British Advantages 1. Population: 2 million in English colonies, only 75,000 in French colonies. 2. Located along the coast, easy to move resources 3. Permanent settlers fighting on their own land

French Advantages Controlled the interior of America One colonial government (no separate colonies to deal with) More professional soldiers, no militia Help from local Indians Huron and Algonquin

King William’s War (1690-1697) AKA: “The War of the Grand Alliance” -starts in Europe In America: 1. Indian raids in NH, ME, NY, MA 2. Hannah Dustin captured, escapes 3. Death of Major Waldron in Dover Some blame for the Salem Witch Trials Treaty of Ryswick – nothing changes

Queen Anne’s War (1702-1714) AKA: “The War of Spanish Succession” -starts in Europe In America: 1. Indian raids in NH, MA (Deerfield MA – 56 dead, 109 captured) 2. Colonists capture Acadia, which becomes Nova Scotia Treaty of Utrecht – British keep Acadia/Nova Scotia

King George’s War (1744-1748) AKA: “The War of the Austrian Succession” -starts in Europe In America: 1. Indian raids in NY, NH. 2. Attacks on Upper and Lower Ashuelot, NH (Keene and Swanzey) 3. French attack Fort #4 (Charlestown, NH) 4. Colonial forces capture Fortress Louisbourg

King George’s War (1744-1748) AKA: “The War of the Austrian Succession” -starts in Europe In America: 1. Indian raids in NY, NH. 2. Attacks on Upper and Lower Ashuelot, NH (Keene and Swanzey) 3. French attack Fort #4 (Charlestown, NH) 4. Colonial forces capture Fortress Louisbourg Treaty of Aix La Chapelle: British give most things back, including Louisbourg

The French and Indian War (1754-1763) AKA: “The Seven Years War” -starts in America! Starts when George Washington attempts to force the French to evacuate Fort Duquesne (modern-day Pittsburgh, PA). Washington loses to the French at Fort Necessity, and the war is on!

First British Offensive British General Braddock, trying to capture Fort Duquesne, is ambushed and he and half of his men are killed or wounded at The Wilderness, near Pittsburgh PA.

Braddock’s Expedition Ft. beausejour Ft. Ticonderoga Ft. William Henry Braddock’s Expedition

William Pitt New British Prime Minister Decides to focus on eliminating the French threat for good Sends his best generals, more men, ships, and supplies to America Spends LOTS of money

Roger’s Rangers Started by New Hampshire’s Robert Rogers Soldiers who moved quickly and fought Indian-style. The origins of today’s Army Rangers.

Louisbourg St-Francois Ft. Frontenac Ft. Ticonderoga Ft. Duquesne

The Turning Point The British capture forts throughout America – but Quebec City remains the key to New France. General James Wolfe led his troops to Quebec, and surrounded the city on the Plains of Abraham in a surprise attack.

WOLFE WINS! (but dies!) The French lose the Battle of Quebec, and a few months later Montreal. The war ends in 1763.

Treaty of Paris - 1763 England gets: Canada, all land east of the Mississippi River, and Florida (from Spain) Spain gets: All land west of the Mississippi River, and New Orleans France gets: Kicked out of North America France wants revenge… dun dun dunnnnnn……

Rupert’s Land NFL Canada “14 Colonies” Louisiana Florida Mexico

Rupert’s Land NF Quebec Louisiana “15 Colonies” Mexico

British Empire, 1763