Rise of Segregation Chapter 6 Section 5

Resistance and Repression After Civil War many African Amer. Lived in poverty in south Many were share croppers (video) Didn’t make money and often “stuck” Many left and headed west Exodusters Head to Kansas 1870 Benjamin “Pap” Singleton (former slave) believed blacks NEVER given chance in south

Resistance and Repression He urged African Amer. To head west (specifically Kansas) to form own communities Independent Help each other and be successful 1879 6,000 African Amer. In Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas began moving to Kansas (promised land) Known as “Exodusters” Able to live dream and not be under control of same men who kept them as slaves

Resistance and Repression Forming a Separate Alliance Those not fled joined with poor white farmers who were in Farmer’s Alliance Alliance urged them to form own group 1886 formed Colored Farmer’s National Alliance By 1890 1.2 million members Joined Populist party when formed… worried democrats b/c thought poor whites would join with them

Resistance and Repression To win back their votes, democrats began appealing to racism in poor white farmers Warned that if they supported populists with blacks then the south would be “Black Republican” like in reconstruction Also began methods that made it hard for African American’s to vote Did not deny that it was happening!

QUESTIONS Who were the Exodusters? Why did they migrate to Kansas? What did Democrats in the south do so that they wouldn’t lose support of poor white farmers?

Imposing Segregation After reconstruction, rights of African Amer. Undermined Attempts to unify blacks and whites in politics and economy failed Instead movement began to diminish African Amer. Civil rights

Imposing Segregation Taking away the vote 15th amendment prohibits states from denying vote due to race, color or previous condition of slavery Southern states in late 1800s started enforcing restrictions while not mentioning race, made it hard for African amer. to vote 1890 Mississippi “POLL TAX” - $2 inorder to vote at polls (African Amer. Didn’t have that sum) Literacy Test: Read and understand constitution… most African Amer. Couldn’t read or if could the passage picked for them was TOO hard for anyone to understand

Imposing Segregation Other southern states adopted similar laws Number of African Amer. Voters fell Louisiana: 130,000 in 1890 to 5,300 in 1900 Election officials not strict with applying voting laws and poll tax to whites Created “grandfather clause” to exempt most whites from voting If had ancestor who could vote in 1867 didn’t have to pay toll or do literacy test

Imposing Segregation Legalizing Segregation Civil Rights Cases “Segregation” = separation of the races Happened in north but in south actually made laws to enforce the discrimination going on These laws became known as “Jim Crow Laws” Civil Rights Cases 1883 supreme court set stage for legalized segregation with over turn of Civil Rights Act of 1875 Said that while no STATE could deny service based on race, there was nothing in the constitution that said private businesses couldn’t deny service With this law and no support in congress for civil rights, southern states were free to pass laws about racial segregation in public places

Imposing Segregation Plessy v. Ferguson 1892 Homer Plessy (African American) challenged law in Louisiana that made him ride in separate railroad car from whites He was arrested for riding in whites only car Supreme court upheld Louisiana law in 1896 and started new idea of “separate but equal” Established legal basis for discrimination in south for the next 50 years

QUESTIONS 4. How did the Supreme Court help to legalize segregation? 5. What were 2 things southern states started to enforce that took away the vote from African Americans? 6. What are Jim Crow Laws?

The African American Response Ida B. Wells 1800s mob violence increased in US, especially in south 1890-1899 average of 187 “lynchings” Hangings without proper court proceedings 1892 Ida (young African Amer. Woman from Tenn.) launched crusade against lynching Driven out of Tenn. Settled in Chicago and continued fighting…wrote book demanding “a fair trial by law for those accused of crime and punishment by law after honest conviction” No law, but due to her efforts number of lynching decreased in 1900s

The African American Response Mary Church Terrell College educated born during Civil War Started battle against lynching when friend was lynched and President Harrison refusal to condemn lynching. Also worked with woman’s suffrage w/ Jane Addams and Susan B. Anthony Helped found/founded: National Association of Colored Women NAACP Women Wage-Earners Association Assisted African American nurses, waitresses ad domestic workers Led boycott against departments stores in DC b/c refused to serve African Amer.

The African American Response Calls for Compromise “Booker T. Washington” most famous African American educator late 19th century Said African Amer. should focus on economic goals (getting out of poverty) rather than political goals Talked about ideas in speech given in Atlanta (became known as Atlanta Compromise) Stop fight for civil rights right now Focus on preparing themselves educationally and vocationally for full equality later on

The African American Response Du Bois rejects Compromise Atlanta Compromise got a lot of resistance “W.E.B De Bois” = leader of African American activists for new generation 1903 book “The Souls of Black Folk” said there was no advantage to give up civil liberty fight Especially concerned with voting rights Said “voting is necessary to proper manhood…” Many African Americans followed this and continued to work to get voting rights

Factors contributing to discrimination QUESTIONS How did Ida B. Wells try to stop the practice of lynching? What organizations did Mary Church Terrel form/help form? What did Booker T. Washington propose in the Atlanta Compromise? Draw the following on your paper and fill in the blank circles with factors contributing to discrimination. Factors contributing to discrimination