DO NOW: Geography Quiz Summarize your feelings about the geography quiz yesterday. Were you prepared? If not, what will you do differently in the future?

CULTURE WHAT IS IT? - THE SYSTEM OF SHARED BELIEFS, VALUES, CUSTOMS, BEHAVIORS, AND ARTIFACTS THAT MAKE UP A SOCIETY - “ENTIRE WAY OF LIFE” - CULTURE IS PASSED FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION THROUGH LEARNING

CULTURE TERMS CULTURAL DIFFUSION – THE SPREADING OF A CULTURAL TRAIT (OBJECT, BEHAVIOR, OR IDEA) FROM ONE SOCIETY TO ANOTHER - CULTURE CAN DIFFUSE THROUGH WAR OR TRADE

NORMS – DEFINE WHAT IS GOOD AND BAD IN A SOCIETY - MOST NORMS VARY FROM CULTURE TO CULTURE - A NORM THAT IS ACCEPTED BY ONE CULTURE OR SOCIETY MAY NOT BE ACCEPTED BY ANOTHER - UNIVERSAL NORMS – A NORM THAT ALL CULTURE HAVE IN COMMON EX: HELPING PEOPLE IN NEED OR FIGHTING CRIME

EXAMPLES OF NORMS

ENCULTURATION – THE PROCESS IN WHICH AN ESTABLISHED CULTURE/SOCIETY TEACHES AN INDIVIDUAL THE ACCEPTED NORMS OF THAT CULTURE IN ORDER TO BECOME AN ACCEPTED MEMBER, - WHO ARE PEOPLE ENCULTURATED BY? PARENTS, FRIENDS, TEACHERS, COACHES, ETC.

HOW IS THIS ENCULTURATION?

4. SOCIALIZATION – GENERAL PROCESS OF ACQUIRING A CULTURE. FOR INSTANCE: THE LANGUAGE, SHARED BELIEFS AND TRADITIONS/CUSTOMS

5. ETHNOCENTRISM – THE BELIEF THAT ONE’S CULTURE IS SUPERIOR TO ALL OTHERS

The 7 Elements of Culture

Social Organization Purpose: Organize to help for survival Social Classes (By Income, Occupation, etc) Social mobility: ability to move classes Family Structure Nuclear (Mother, Father, Children) Extended (Nuclear plus other relatives, such as aunts, uncles, grandparents) Matriarchal (mother) v. patriarchal (father): head of family

Customs & Traditions Purpose: Teaches the rules of behavior What is right/wrong in a given society Taboo—proscribed by society as improper or unacceptable

Language Purpose: Communication All have spoken language

Arts & Literature Purpose: teaches values and entertains

Religion Purpose: Answer the basic questions about life (What is my purpose? Why am I here? Where did I come from? Where do I go when I die?) Monotheism = Belief in ONE God Polytheism = Belief in MANY Gods/Goddesses ***Will cover in more detail***

Government Purpose: Provide for common needs & protection Monarchy = supreme power or sovereignty held by a single person Democracy = power held directly by the people Republic = supreme power rests in the body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by representatives chosen directly or indirectly by them Dictatorship = ruler who has absolute, unrestricted control in a government without hereditary succession ***Will cover in more detail***

Economic Systems ***Will cover in more detail*** Purpose: regulates use of resources based on people’s unlimited wants Who answers 3 Basic Questions: 1) What goods/services should we produce? 2) How should we produce them? 3) For Whom should we produce them? Traditional Market Command Mixed

Economic Systems Traditional Economy: people produce most of what they need to survive (hunting, gathering, farming, herding cattle, make own clothes/tools) Market Economy: buying and selling goods and services Command Economy: Government controls what/how goods are produced and what they cost. Individuals have little economic power Mixed Economy: Individuals make some economic decisions and the government makes others