8/23/17 Bell Ringer 1. Rank the following occupations in the US: teacher, lawyer, salesperson, factory worker, computer programmer, waitress, farm worker, nanny. 2. Which do Americans consider the most valuable and respected?   3. Why did you rank them this way?

PEOPLE AND IDEAS ON THE MOVE UNIT #2 PEOPLE AND IDEAS ON THE MOVE

ANCIENT INDIA

Established Caste system CONQUERERS Aryans in India Established Caste system

MIGRATIONS Unexplained Migrations Migrations: movements of people from one region to another Influences: 1. Government 2. Warfare between Nomadic Radiers and Civilized Peoples = Advancements in Military Organization and Technology Unmatched elsewhere in the world

Aryan Invasion Aryans invaded around 1500 BCE Indus, then Ganges valleys illiterate Horse and herding culture Vedas and Caste system Foundation of Hinduism Feudal Kingdoms spread through India ruled by Brahmins (Priests)

ARYAN’S TRANSFORM INDIA #2 KSHATRIYAS Aryans: Indo- European group, areas north of Black and Caspian Seas chariot warriors who took control of India Light-skinned Vedas: collection of books originating in Ancient India Hinduism grew out of Vedas #3 VAISHYAS

Caste System Develops Castes: social system that still has influence on India today permanent castes for life only can marry within caste #4 SUDRAS #5 DALITS

VEDAS Aryans sacred literature 4 Collections of Vedas Gives insight into Aryan life 4 Collections of Vedas Within each Veda = 4 parts: hymns, rituals, theologies & philosophies The most important of the collections = the Rig Veda Contains 1,028 hymns to Ayran gods For many years no written form of the Vedas existed Passed on this tradition orally to the next generation

Primary Source Reading: “The Rig Veda” Vedic Hymns = emphasize the importance of gods and nature in Indian life and ponder timeless questions, such as the origin of the Universe Personification: a description of something non-human as if it were human

8/24 Bell Ringer Get out your Rig Veda Homework Make your own Caste system based on the United States Society. Top Who would be in each section? And explain why. (sentences) Bottom

ARYANS BACKGROUND: PRE-ARRIVAL TO INDIA Organized into 4 groups Based on their occupation 1. Brahmins (priests) 2. Warriors 3. Traders and landowners 4. Peasants or traders group membership = determines role in society Once in India, developed closer relations with Non-Aryans Results: to regulate those contacts the Aryans made class restrictions more rigid

SOCIETY IN ANCIENT INDIA One of effects of the Aryans coming into India was the development of a caste system. Varna (skin color) = distinguishing feature of the system The four major jobs came to be known as Varnas A CASTE is a social group that someone is born into and cannot change dictates what job you will have, whom you can marry, and with whom you can “hang-out” with 15th CE: Portugal explorers encountered this social system to them "race system" called it "casta" that means race in Portuguese

AS TIME WENT ON…. The four basic castes gradually became more complex hundreds of subdivisions Classical texts: caste should not be determined by birth Overtime concept changed Some communities developed a system in which people were born into a caste Cleanliness and purity : very important!

UNTOUCHABLES Those considered most impure due to their work lived outside the caste structure Could only have unpleasant jobs Tanning animal hides and disposing of dead animals People from other castes were not aloud to have contact with Known as “untouchables” = even their touch endangered the ritual purity of others http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=15elGwkFUYE

Although many see the Caste System as oppressive and harmful, there are also many who believe it has benefited India in many ways

Debate: Caste System more harmful? or beneficial? Already Predetermined sides The rest if the class period will be used to start research on your side. MATERIALS PROVIDED BY TEACHER These are the only MATERIALS you can use for your research.